Toscanini, Arturo. 1867-1957. Italian virtuoso conductor of Verdi, Beethoven.

Transylvania. 1C BC Dacia. 106 Rome. 270 Barbarians. 1003 Hungary. 1526 Ottoman/autonomous. 1699 Hapsburg/autonomous. 1867 Hungary. 1918 Romania. 1940-45 Hungary(N).

Truth, Sojourner. c1797-1883. US freed slave, evangelist, abolitionist, woman rights campaigner.

Tunisia. Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia. 814 BC Carthage established. 146BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 534 Byzantine. 698 Moslem = Ifrikiya(...Africa). 1574 Ottoman. 1705 Autonomous. Barbary Pirates. 1881 French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Bourguiba.

Turgenev, Ivan. 1818-83. Russian writer. Fathers and Sons 1862.

Valentinian III. 419-55. Roman Emperor 425-. Lost Africa to Vandals, Gaul to Huns.

Van Buren, Martin. 1782-1862. US president 1837-41. Independent treasury, US neutrality. Barnburner. Called “Little Magician” for his political dexterity.

Van de Graaff, Robert. 1901-67. US physicist. Particle accelerator 1929. High voltage generator 1932.

Van der Goes. Goes.

Van der Weyden. Weyden.

Van Dyck, Anthony. 1599-1641. Flemish portrait painter. Subjects showed dignity, elegance. Charles I 1635.

Van Eyck, Jan. Eyck.

Van Gogh, Vincent. 1853-90. Dutch expressionist painter. Passionate intensity revealed in colors. Sunflowers. Potato Eaters 1885. Starry Night 1889. Wheat Fields. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear 1889.

Van Goyen, Jan. 1596-1656. Dutch landcape painter of familiar, commonplace.

Van Loo, Carl. 1705-65. French Rococo portrait painter.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen. 1764-1839. US politician. Key to Erie Canal.

Vanbrugh, John. 1664-1726. English Restoration dramatist, Baroque architect: Castle Howard 1702. Blenheim Palace 1705.

Vancouver, George. 1757-98. English explorer to British Columbia 1791-4.

Vandals. Germans fleeing Huns, invaded Gaul, Spain 409 and Africa 429-534. Sacked Rome 455. Arians, persecuted other Christians. Routed by Byzantines 533.

Vanderbilt. 19C US Railroad magnate family. Founded university.

Vanderlyn, John. 1775-1852. US Neoclassical artist. Ariadne 1812.

Vanuatu. New Hebrides. 1980 Independent.

Venetian school. 15-18C Italian Arcadian painting of brilliant mosaic color. Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto. Montegna.

Weyden, Rogier van der. c1400-64. Flemish religious painter. Adoration of Child 1462.

Whiskey Rebellion. 1794. Pennsylvania settlers vs excise tax. Cavalry suppressed without violence.

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