Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Sweyn. -1014. Danish king c987-. Conquered Norway 1000, England 1013. Canute’s father.

Switzerland. Celts (Helvetii). 58BC Rome. 5C Alemanni, Burgundians. 6C Frank. 962 HRE. 1291 3 Cantons unite vs Hapsburgs. 1515- Neutral. 1648 Indepence recognized. 1815 Neutrality recogognized.

Tasman, Abel. c1603-59. Dutch navigator. Discovered Tasmania, New Zealand. 1642; Fiji, Tonga 1643.

Tasmania. 1642 Tasman discovers = Van Diemen’s Land. 1803-52 British penal settlement. 1856 Self-government = Tasmania. 1901 Australia.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Tea. c2700BC China. 6C Europe. 1657 England.

Tejada Law. 1856. Mexico confiscates church property, French buy land.

Telegraph. 1794 France Semaphore. 1795 England Shutter. 1835 Morse. 1851 London-Paris. 1901 Transatlantic.

Templars. 1119-1312. Founded by Baldwin II and 9 knights in the Holy Land to protect pilgrims. Created International banking system, 9,000 commanderies, and owned 1/4 of Paris when dissolved by Philip IV, 1307; and Edward II, 1308. Council of Vienne.

Teschen Dispute. 1919. Poland, Czechoslovakia battle over industrial, coal-mining territory.

Test Act. 1673-1828. Banned Catholics and Non-conformists from English public office. 1567-1889 Scotland.

Thailand. c1220 Kingdom. 1350 Ayutthaya dynasty. 1584 Independent = Siam. 1767 Burma invades. 1782 Chakkri dynasty. 1893 East ceded to France. 1932 Coup, Constitutional Monarchy. 1939 = Thailand. 1941-45 Japanese occupy. Military coups 1957,58,63,71,73,76,81.

Thatcher, Margaret. 1925-. Britain’s first woman Prime Minister 1979-. Conservative. Monetarist. Falklands War.

Third Coalition, War. 1805. England, Austria, Russia, Sweden beaten by France, Spain despite Trafalgar victory. Ulm. Austerlitz. Coalition.

Thirteen Colonies. 1776. British colonies in North America which formed the United States: Virginia, Massachussets, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Thirty-nine Articles. 1571 Doctrine of Church of England.

Thomson, Tom. 1877-1917. Canadian landscape painter. Influenced Group of Seven.

Thorfinn Karlsefni. Failed attempt to establish Icelandic colony in North America c1004.

Three Mile Island. 1979. US nuclear power station accident.

Thule. Northern island discovered by Greeks 4C BC. Iceland, Shetlands or Norway?

Tilsit, Treaties. 1807. Russia, Prussia join Continental System. Russia free to attack Finland. Prussia surrenders to Napoleon, reduced in size. France controls Central Europe. Creates Warsaw Duchy, Westphalia.

Tinchebrai, Battle. 1106. Henry I re-unifies Normandy, England.

Tithes. 10% tax paid to church. Implemented by Christians, 4C-9C. Enforced by law 8C; 10C England. Abolished: 1789 France, 1887 Italy, 1871 Ireland. 1836 England converted to rent and reduced; abolished 1936.

Tobacco. 1492 Cuba. 1493 Columbus brings to Europe. 1565 Hawkins brings to England. 1586 Raleigh brings to England.

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