Luxemburg, Rosa. 1871-1919. German revolutionary theoritician, agitator. Founded Spartacus Party.

Lycurgus. 9C BC. Totalitarian Spartan reformer. Created militaristic society.

Lysander. -395BC. Spartan admiral. Captured Athens 404BC. Ended Peloponnesian War.

MacArthur, Douglas. 1880-1964. US Pacific Allied commander, WWII. Commanded Japanese occupation. Led UN forces in Korean War.

MacBride, Seán. 1904-88. Irish statesman. Founded Republican Party 1946. Foreign minister 1948-1951. Founder, chairman 1961-75 Amnesty International. Assistant UN Secretary General.

MacDonald, John A. 1815-91. Key to British North America Act, Conservative. First Prime Minister of Canada 1867~91. Pacific Railway.

MacDonald, Ramsay. 1866-1937. First British Labour Prime Minister 1924~35.

MacMillan, Harold. 1894-1986. British Conservative Prime Minister 1957-63.

Maderno, Carlo. 1556-1629. Swiss architect. Founded Baroque style. St. Peter’s facade 1607.

Magna Carta. 1215. British charter of rights, confirming ancient liberties, forced on King John at Runnymede. Habeas Corpus.

Malan, Daniel. 1874-1959. South African Prime Minister 1948-54. Established Apartheid.

Malaparte, Curzio. 1898-1957. Italian Fascist writer. Coup d’Etat 1931.

Malory, Thomas. 1430-71. English writer: Morte darthur c1470.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Manchuria. 926 Khitan Empire. 1234 Mongol. 1644 Manchu. 1898 Port Arthur. 1932 Manchukuo. 1946 China.

Mandela, Nelson. 1918-. South African anti-Apartheid ANC leader. Jailed 1962-90. President 94-99.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Mansart, Jules Hardouin-. 1646-1708. French architect, city planner. Dome Church 1677. Grand Trianon 1687. Place de Vendôme.

Mantua, Siege. 1796-7. Napoleon defeats Austria to rule Italy.

Mao Tse-tung. 1893-1976. Chinese Communist leader 1935-. Long March. Cultural Revolution.

Marais. Paris quarter reclaimed from swamp in 13C.

March on Washington. 1963. 200,000 in civil rights march led by King-“I have a dream”.

Marengo, Battle. 1800. Napoleon defeats Austria, gains Lombardy.

Marie Louise. 1791-1847. Daughter of Francis II. Married Napoleon...Empress of France 1810-15.

Marmont, Auguste. 1774-1852. French Marshal. Surrendered Paris 1814 causing Napoleon to abdicate.

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