Rubens, Peter Paul. 1577-1640. Flemish Baroque painter. Sensuous works. Descent from Cross 1611. Médicis cycle 1621-5. Peace and War c1630.

Sadat, Anwar al-. 1918-81. Egyptian president 1970- Aided Nasser’s 1952 coup. 1977 Addressed Israeli Knesset. Peace with Israel 1979. Camp David. Assassinated.

Sakharov, Andrei. 1921-89. Soviet physicist, human rights activist. Hydrogen bomb. Formed Committee for Human Rights 1970.

San Francisco, Peace. 1951. Japanese 1854 borders restored.

Sato Eisaku. 1901-75. Japanese Prime Minister 1964-72. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Schiner, Matthäus. c1465-1522. Led Swiss to defeat at Maignano. Established peace and neutrality of Switzerland.

Schönbrunn, Peace. 1809. Austria lost land to France, Russia, Bavaria, Warsaw in Napoleonic Wars.

Schweitzer, Albert. 1875-1965. German medical missionary to Africa 1913-.

Sèvres, Treaty. 1920. Broke up Ottoman Empire. Would have created Kurdistan. Not ratified. Lausanne Peace.

Sinai Campaign. 1956. Israeli preemptory attack takes Sinai. UN peacekeeping force in Gaza.

Straits Convention. 1841-1923. Banned warships from Dardanelles in peacetime.

Stresemann, Gustav. 1878-1929. German statesman. Gained entry to League of Nations.

Tardieu, André. 1876-1945. French politician. Paris Peace Conference. Prime Minister 1929~32.

Tenzin Gyatso. 1935-. 14th Dalai Lama 1940-. In exile 1959-.

Teresa, Mother. 1910-97. Macedonian founder of Missionaries of Charity, 1948.

Thirty Years’ Peace. 445-415BC Ended First Peloponnesian War.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Three Emperors’ League. 1873-75, 1881-87. Secret Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia. For mutual peace and to isolate France.

Tokugawa, Keiki. 1837-1913. Last Japanese Shogun 1867-8. Peaceful Meiji Restoration of Emperor.

Tolstoy, Lev. 1828-1910. Russian historical novelist. Moralist. Occupied with social reforms; freed his serfs. Founded Christian anarchist religion. War and Peace 1863-9. Anna Karenina 1875-7.

Truce of God. Peace of God. 1027-13C. Fighting on certain days is sacrilegious.

Tutu, Desmond. 1931-. South African Anglican Archbishop. Hope and Suffering 1982. .

Ulster Peace Movement. 1976-. Protestant and Catholic women attempt to end Northern Ireland violence.

United Nations. UN. 1945. Charter signed by 50 nations at San Francisco. To safeguard world peace and protect human rights. Most countries members now. 15 agencies for education, relief. Trusteeship .

Victor-Emmanuel II. 1820-78. First king of united Italy, 1861-. Peace of Milan, 1848. Cavour.

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