Swedish Academy. 1786. Awards Nobel Literature prizes.

Symbolists. 19C French literary movement expressing truth subjectively by symbols. Spread to art, music. Verlaine. Mallarmé. Munch.

Syndicalism. 1900-39. Union movement vs capitalistic order by direct action, general strikes. Sorel. IWW.

Tagore, Rabindranath. 1861-1941. Bengali writer. Blending eastern, western thought.

Taisho. 1879-1926. Japanese Emperor 1912-. Modernization, liberalism, imperialism.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

Targowica, Confederation. 1792. Conservative Poles begin war. Second partition 1793.

Tasso, Torquato. 1544-95. Italian poet. Jerusalem Liberated 1581.

Tatarstan. 8C Bulgars settle. Tatars. 13C Golden Horde. 1552 Russia. 1991 Independent Republic within Russian Federation.

Taylor, Richard. 1826-79. US Confederate general. Red River Campaign.

Tchaikovsky, Peter. 1840-93. Russian composer of operas and ballets with emotional appeal. Swan Lake 1877. Sleeping Beauty 1890. Nutcracker 1892.

Temperance Movement. 1808 Begun in NY by women and churches. 1874 WCTU. 1890 Carry Nation. 1893 Anti-Saloon League. Prohibition.

Texas. 16C Spanish explore. 1685 French settle. 1716 Spanish settle. 1821 Mexico. 1836 Independent republic. Alamo. 1845 US state. Mexican War. 1860-69 Confederacy.

Thackeray, William. 1811-1863. English novelist. Vanity Fair 1849. Sentimental and cynical moralist.

Thant, U. 1909-74. Burmese statesman. UN Secretary General. 1962-71. Cuban Missile Crisis. Congo. Cyprus. Six Day War.

Thaw, the. 1954-7. Relaxed government control on Soviet literature.

Thermidor, Coup of 9. 1794. French moderatism after Terror. Directory. Robespierre executed. Jacobins persecuted.

Third Estate. Part of States General 1789. National Assembly. French Revolution.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Three Feudatories, Revolt. 1673-81. Ming generals unsuccessful revolt vs Manchu Empire.

Tibet. 7C-838 Buddhist kingdom. 9C Divided. 1247 Mongol. 14C Yellow Hats established. 1642 5th Dalai Lama becomes ruler. 1715 Chinese suzerainty. 1792 Closed to foreigners. 1951 Autonomous within China. 1959 China crushes revolt. 1987~9 Riots vs Chinese rule.

Tientsin Massacre. 1870. 20 French killed. China apologizes. End of China/Western co-operation.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1805-59. French liberal historian. Democracy in America 1835. Dangers of Democracy.

Tojo Hideki. 1884-1948. Japanese general, Prime Minister 1941-4. Pearl Harbor. Hung for war crimes.

Tokugawa. 1603-1868. Japanese Shogun dynasty. =Edo Period. Isolationist. Genroku arts of “floating world”.

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