Rommel, Erwin. 1891-1944. German WWII Field Marshal in Africa 1941-3, France 1944. “Desert Fox”. Plotted vs Hitler. Suicide.

Rossini, Gioacchino. 1792-1868. Italian opera composer: Barber of Seville 1816. William Tell 1829.

Rostand, Edmond. 1868-1918. French Romantic dramatist: Cyrano de Bergerac 1897.

Round Table Conference. 1930-32. Established federal system, provincial autonomy in India; not implemented.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Rowell-Sirois Report. 1935-40. Recommended Federalism over Canadian provincial power.

Rowlatt Acts. 1919. Suppressed liberties in British India led to Amritsar Riots, Noncooperation Movement.

Rubinstein, Anton. 1829-94. Russian pianist, composer. Operas, concerti. Demon 1875.

Rudolf II. 1552-1612. Holy Roman Emperor 1576-. Ended toleration of Protestants.

Russell, Bertrand. 1872-1970. English mathematician, liberal philosopher, logician, pacifist. Believed in human reason. Founded CND. Principles of Mathematics 1910-13. History of Western Philosophy 1945.

Russell, John. 1792-1878. British Liberal Prime Minister 1846~66. Reform Bill 1832.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Russian Civil War. 1918-22. Trotsky’s Red Army defeat White counter-revolutionaries. Baltic liberated.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Russo-Polish War. 1919-20. Polish attempt to liberate Ukraine repulsed.

Rymer, Thomas. 1641-1713. English Neoclassical literary critic: attacked Shakespeare.

Sadat, Anwar al-. 1918-81. Egyptian president 1970- Aided Nasser’s 1952 coup. 1977 Addressed Israeli Knesset. Peace with Israel 1979. Camp David. Assassinated.

Saionji Kimmochi, Prince. 1849-1940. Japanese Prime Minister 1901~12. Tried to moderate militarism.

Salan, Raoul. 1899-1984. French general. Created OAS 1961. Imprisoned 1962-8.

Salieri, Antonio. 1750-1825. Austrian court composer. Operas.

Santa Anna, Antonio de. 1794-1876. Mexican general, president 1833~47. Defeated at San Jacinto, Mexican War.

Sato Eisaku. 1901-75. Japanese Prime Minister 1964-72. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Scaliger, Julius Caesar. 1484-1558. Italian/French classical scholar. “Father” of literary criticism. Poetics 1561.

Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

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