Lloyd Webber, Andrew. 1948-. British composer of popular musicals. Jesus Christ, Superstar 1971. Evita 1978. Cats 1981. Phantom of the Opera.

Locarno Pact. 1925. Non-aggression treaty in Europe. Germany, France, Belgium, et al. Broken when Hitler occupied Rhineland,1936.

Loewe, Frederick. 1904-88. US composer; partner of Lerner.

Lomonosov, Mikhail. 1711-65. Russian writer/scientist. Established U of Moscow. Reformed Russian literary language.

Lost Generation. Gertrude Stein’s term for US writers influenced by WWI. Fitzgerald. Hemingway.

Louis-Philippe. 1773-1850. French King 1830-48. 1790 Jacobin liberal who became absolutist monarch. Supported by bourgeoisie, defeated by workers in Revolt.

Love Generation. 1960-9. Term applied to hippies who rejected past values for instant pleasures of drugs and music.

Lully, J-B. 1632-87. Composer who developed French Opera overture styles. Armide 1686.

Lutheranism. Conservative Protestant sect of Germany and Scandinavia. Salvation through faith alone.

Luxembourg. 1C BC Rome. 459 Franks. 963 Independent county «Holy Roman Empire. 1354 Duchy. 1443 Burgundy. 1472~1795 Hapsburg. 1555 Spanish. 1684 French. 1697 Spanish. 1714 Austrian. 1795 French. 1815 Dutch «German Confederation. 1839 Belgian(W)/Autonomous. 1867 Independent neutral. 1914-18, 1940-44 German occupation. 1948 Neutrality ends.

Lyautey, Louis. 1854-1934. French General. Established French protectorate over Morocco.

Lyell, Charles. 1797-1875. British geologist. Principles of Geology 1833. Coined terms for eras: Pliocene, Miocene, Eocene. Uniformitarianism.

Lysias. c445-380BC. Greek orator. Unembellished style.Against Eratosthenes 404BC.

Lysimachus. 385-281BC. Alexander’s General. Macedonia satrap 323-.

MacBride, Seán. 1904-88. Irish statesman. Founded Republican Party 1946. Foreign minister 1948-1951. Founder, chairman 1961-75 Amnesty International. Assistant UN Secretary General.

Macready, William. 1793-1873. English actor. Rivalry with Forrest caused NY Opera House Riot, 1849.

Mahayana. 1C-. Liberal Buddhist doctrine of China, Japan, Korea, Tibet. Bodhisattva.

Mahdi. Shi’ite messiah who will appear at end of the world. Several claimants have appeared.

Malaya. 200BC Indian colonies. 1511 Portugal. 1641 Dutch. 1795 Britain. 1948-63 Federation of Malaya. 1963 Malaysia.

Mali. Ancient Ghana. c1200 Mali Empire includes Senegal, Niger. 1460 Songhai Empire. c1600 Divided. c1880 =French Sudan. 1959 +Senegal +Sudanese Republic =Mali Federation. 1960 Independent -Senegal =Mali Republic.

Mannerism. 16C Exaggerated colorful painting style emphasizing craft, decorum. Palissy. Dürer. Cellini. Bruegel.

Maratha. 1674 Kingdom in India. 1761 Confederacy. 19C British.

Maratha Wars. 1775-1818. British defeat Maratha Confederacy in India.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marquess. (Marquis). Second rank of British peerage.

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