Amana Colonies. 1855. Successful Pietist communes in Iowa.

Aretino, Pietro. 1492-1556. Italian satirical poet.

Aristarchus. 310-230BC. Samos. First to postulate sun as center of solar system. Accused of impiety. Copernicus.

Badoglio, Pietro. 1871-1956. Italian. Conquered Ethiopia 1936. Arranged 1943 armistice. Prime Minister 1943-44.

Bruegel, Pieter (the Elder). 1525-69. Flemish narrative painter of village life. Natural realism. Peasant Wedding 1567. Hunters in the Snow 1565.

Hamman, Johann. 1730-88. German Pietism founder.

Hooft, Pieter. 1581-1647. Dutch Renaissance poet and playwright.

Lombardo, Pietro. 1435-1515. Antonio 1458-1516. Tullio 1455-1532. Italian architects and sculptors. Dante’s tomb 1485. Doge’s Palace 1498.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Michelangelo. 1475-1564. Florentine sculptor, painter, architect, poet. Obsessed with reproducing the human form. Pieta 1497. David 1501-4. Sistine Chapel Ceiling 1508-12. Moses 1515. Bound Slave. Medici Tomb 1520. Last Judgement 1534-41. St. Peters cupola 1547.

Mondrian, Piet. 1872-1944. Dutch neoplastic abstract De Stijl movement painter. Composition with Yellow and Blue 1929. New York City 1943.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

Pérugini, Pietro le. 1445-1523. Italian painter. Taught Raphael. St. Peter and Keys 1482 (Sistine Chapel).

Pietism. 17-18C. Spener’s religious movement. Influenced Moravians, Methodists. Bible study.

Romanticism. 18C Philosophical movement rooted in Pietism. Began in Germany. Spread across Europe in 19C.

Socrates. c470-399BC. Greek philosopher. Knowledge is the key to influencing destiny. Ignorance leaves one subject to fate. Socratic method of teaching by dialog. Dialectic. Condemned for impiety and corrupting the young - drank hemlock. “Know thyself”.

Spener, Philipp. 1635-1705. German founder of Pietism.

Stijl, de. 1917-. Dutch abstract painters. Mondrian.

Zeeman, Pieter. 1865-1943. Dutch physicist. Magnetic effect on light polarization.

Zinzendorf, Nikolaus. 1700-60. German Pietist. Founded Moravian church.