Homo Sapiens. 350,000BC. Neanderthal.

Honduras.<6000BC Inhabited. 4C Mayan. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1524 Spanish settle. 16C Slaves brought. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1838 Republic. >100 coups.

Honegger, Arthur. 1892-1955. Swiss/French modern composer. Joan of Arc 1935. Les Six.

Hoover, Herbert. 1874-1964. US President 1929-33. Hoover Dam. St. Lawrence Seaway. Opposed direct federal aid to unemployed during Depression.

Hopkins, Frederick. 1861-1947. English vitamin discoverer.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

Houdon, Jean. 1741-1828. French portrait sculptor. Diderot 1771. Diana 1777.

Houphouët-Boigny, Félix. 1905-93. West African leader. President of Ivory Coast 1960-.

Houston, Sam. 1793-1863. Texas Commander in revolt vs Mexico 1835-6. President, Texas Republic 1836~44.

Huang Ti. Legendary founder of Taoism.

Hubbard, L Ron. 1911-86. Science Fiction writer. Founded Scientology. Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health.

Hull, Cordell. 1871-1955. US Secretary of State. UN founder. Trade agreements.

Humboldt, Alexander von. 1769-1859. German naturalist, ecologist.

Husak, Gustav. 1913-91. Czech leader 1968-89. Put in power by Moscow during Czech Invasion. Pres 1975-89.

Hussein ibn Talal. 1935-99. Moderate Jordanian king 1953-. Israel Peace Treaty 1994.

Hyksos. Semitic invaders of Egypt on horse and chariot. Ruled 1675-1550BC.

Hypatia. c370-415. Alexandrian Neoplatonic philosopher. Murdered by St. Cyril and monks. Decline of Alexandria as learning center.

Ibn Tumart. c1080-1130. Berber leader. Demanded moral reform. Founded Almohad Confederation.

ICFTU. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 1949. Split from WFTU. Represents 70M workers in 89 countries. IFTU.

IFTU. 1901-40. International Federation of Trade Unions. WFTU 1945.

Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.

Independent Treasury. 1846-1913. US financial system not using private banks. Federal Reserve System.

India. North: c2500BC Indus valley civilization. c2000BC Aryans invade. 6C Achaemenid. 5C Persia. 326 Alexander(NW). c300 Maurya Empire. 2C BC Greek, Parthian, Kushan invade. 1C AD Kushan. c320 Gupta Empire. 6C Divided. 5-15C Huns, Arabs, Persians invade 12C Moslem. 1526 Mogul. South: 3000BC Dravidian civilization. 12-13C Rashtrakutas, Cholas. 14C Moslem inv. 15C Vijayanagar Empire. 1498 daGama discovers sea route. 18C British East India Co. 1858 British Empire. 1947 Independent. 1950 Republic.

Indulgence. 800 Pardon for sin in place of penance. Granted by church, 12C as reward to Crusaders. Sold by church, 1313-. Abuse by Leo X led to Reformation.

Innocent III. c1160-1216. Pope 1198-. Peak power of papacy. Fourth Crusade. Authorized incorporation of University of Paris 1215. Placed Inquisition under Franciscans and Dominicans. Crowned Frederick II.

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