Sempach Battle. 1386. Swiss confederates defeat Austrian Duke Leopold, ensuring independence.

Senefelder, Alois. 1772-1834. Bavarian lithography inventor 1796.

Senegal. Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Tukulor. 1406 Bettencourt explored. 15C Portugal. 1626 French settle. 1895 French colony. 1959 +Sudanese Republic=Mali Federation. 1960 -Mali=Independent republic.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Sforza, Francesco I. 1401-66. Founder of Milanese dynasty 1450-1535.

Shamil. 1798-1871. Moslem guerilla leader vs Russia in Crimean War.

Sheridan, Philip. 1831-88. Union general, captured Shenandoah, forced Lee’s surrender.

Shogun. Japanese military leaders. 794 Otomaro. 1192-1867 Ruled Japan.

Siberia. 13C Mongol(S)...Golden Horde(W)/ Yüan(E). 1483 Russia explores. 1581 Khanate overthrown. 1689 Russo-Chinese border settled. 1891-1905 Trans-Siberian Railway.

Sikh States, Confederation of. 1764 Independent from Mogul. 1819 + Kashmir. 1834 + Peshawar. 1849 British. 1948 India.

Simnel, Lambert. c1475-1535 Pretender to English throne 1487.

Sims, William. 1858-1936. US WWI naval commander.

Sioux. Popular name for Dakota Confederation of American Indian tribes. Little Bighorn. Wounded Knee.

Sitting Bull. c1831-90. Led Sioux at Little Bighorn. Surrendered 1881.

Six Dynasties. 220-589. Chinese period. Buddhism, Taoism, technical developments. Tea. Gunpowder.

Smith, Edmund. 1824-93. Last Confederate general to surrender 1865.

Smith, Joseph. 1805-44. US Founder of Mormonism. Wrote Book of Mormon by divine revelation 1830. Murdered.

Social Credit Party. Canada. Aberhart. Douglas. 1935- Alberta, BC, federal parties. Social Credit.

Social Democratic Party. 1981-87. British moderate Labour centre party.

Society of Jesus. Jesuits.

Socinus, Laelius. 1525-62. Italian founder of Socinianism.

Soddy, Frederick. 1877-1956. English chemist. Isotope theory.

Sonderbund. 1845-7. League of Catholic Swiss cantons defeated in civil war.

Sophists. 5-4C BC. Wandering Greek philosophers who taught rhetoric and logic for a fee. Protagoras.

Spanish Civil War. 1936-9. Germany and Italy aid Fascist Franco’s revolt against the Republic, which surrenders after 1M die. International Brigades. A cause of WWII. Guernica.

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