Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

Yamasee War. 1715-16. American natives revolt vs English settlers. Dispersed.

Yancey, William. 1814-63. US pro-slavery secession leader. American Civil War.

Yeomen of the Guard. 1485 British Monarch’s bodyguard. Beef Eaters, Yeoman Warders of the Tower of London, 1669-.

Yom Kippur War. October War.

York. Branch of the Anjou-Plantegenet family, Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III. War of Roses.

Young, Edward. 1683-1765. English poet, playwright. Complaint 1742-5.

Yüan Shih-kai. 1859-1916. First president of Chinese Republic 1912-. Attempts to establish a new dynasty failed. Warlords.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zama, Battle. 202BC. Rome defeats Hannibal near Carthage. Punic Wars.

Zeebrugge, Raid. 1918. Allied attempt to block harbour, trapping German submarines, warships.

Zollverein. 1818-71. German economic agreements led by Prussia...German Customs Union 1834. First steps toward union.

Zouaves. 1831-71. French African infantry. Algeria. Crimean War.

Zulu War. 1879. Resistance to Rhodes(British) expansion in South Africa quelled.

Zululand. c1800 Mtetwa Empire. 1843 British. 1897 Natal. Boer War.

Zwingli, Huldrych. 1484-1531. Swiss humanist and religious reformer. Zurich Reformation 1522. Urged priests to marry. Attacked Roman mass and worship of images. Swiss Evangelical Church. Killed in Kappel Wars.

Abjuration, Act. 1581. Dutch declaration of independence from Spain. Republic 1588.

Aggression. 1974 UN Definition-Use of armed force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state.

Aljubarrota, Battle. 1385. Confirmed Portugal’s independence from Castile.

Alto Adige. German speaking Tyrol area of Italy 1919-. Granted semi-independence, 1971.

Amanollah Khan. 1892-1960. Amir of Afghanistan 1919-29. Won independence from Britain, 1919.

American Revolution. 1775-1783. Independence won from Britain, United States of America formed.

Anglo-Egyptian Treaty. 1936. Conditional independence for Egypt.

Artigas, José. 1764-1850. Uruguay revolutionary leader. “Father of Uruguayan independence”.

Austria. 400BC Celts. 15BC Rome. 5-7C Huns, Avars ravage. 6C Slovenes settle 8C Charlemagne. 9C Magyar. 955 Otto I...962 HRE. 976 Babenberg(E). 1278 Hapsburg. 1453 Archduchy. 1804 Austrian Empire. 1867 Ausgleich. 1918 Republic. 1938 Germany. 1945 Republic. 1955 Independence from Allies.

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