Mexico.c1200-100BC Olmec. c300-900 Maya, Zapotec. c900-1200 Toltec. 14C Aztec. 1519-21 Cortes conquers = New Spain. 1821 Independent. 1822 Empire. 1824 Republic/Dictatorship. 1836 -Texas. 1848 -western US. 1863 French occupy. 1867 Independent republic. 1876-1911 Díaz dictator.

Michael VIII. 1224-82. Byzantine Emperor 1259-. Won Constantinople from Latins. Founded Paleologus dynasty.

Midhat Pasha. 1822-83. Turkish Vizier. First Ottoman constitution 1876.

Milan. 1854-1901. Serbian prince 1868-, king 1882-9. Won independence from Ottomans 1878.

Ming. 1368-1644. Chinese dynasty. Expanded empire. Arts flourished.

Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Mongol Empire. Asia. Established 1207 by Genghis Khan. Peak included Persia, China, Russia. 1260- Fragmented. Yuan. Golden Horde. Tamerlane.

Mongolia. 13C Empire. 1686 China (Manchu). Outer Mongolia: 1913 Independent. 1921 Communist revolution. 1924 People’s Republic. Inner Mongolia: «China.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Montezuma II. 1466-1520. Aztec Emperor of Mexico 1502-. Captured by Cortez.

Moors. Moslems of northwest Africa. Invaded Spain 711. Dominated to 11C. Surrendered Grenada 1492. Exterminated by Inquisition. Expelled from Spain 1492.

Moravia. 5C Slavs settle. 9C Empire. 1029 Bohemia. 1526 Hapsburg. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1939-45 German protectorate. 1993 Czech Republic.

Morocco. c2000BC Berbers. c12C BC Phoenecians settle. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 533 Byzantine. 682 Moslem. 739 Berber revolt. 788 Idrisid dynasty. 1061 Almoravid. 1147 Almohad. 1269 Marinids. 1550 Saadis. 1666 Alawis. 1668 Berber. 18C French influence. 1912 Spanish(N)/French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Ceuta. Melilla.

Mughal Empire. Mogul.

Muhammad. c570-632. Arabian founder of Islam, 622. Koran author by divine revelation, 610. United Arabs. Badr. Hijrah. Caliphate Empire.

Muhammad ’Ali Pasha. 1769-1849. Egyptian Viceroy 1805-48. Killed Mameluks. Aided Ottomans vs Greeks. Dynasty ruled Egypt to 1952.

Murad I. 1326-89. Ottoman sultan 1360-. Extended empire. Founded Janissaries.

Myanmar. (Burma). Pyu. Mons. 849 Pagan kingdom. 1287 Mongol. 1303-1605 Split. 1852(S)/1886(N) British under India. 1948 Independent. 1974 Socialist republic. 1988 Military coup, dictatorship. 1989 = Myanmar. 1990 elections nullified. Suu Kyi.

Myriocephalon, Battle. 1176. Turks defeat Byzantines, hold Anatolia.

Nabopolassar. Babylonian king 625-605BC. Founded Chaldean Empire.

Nader Shah. 1688-1747. Severe ruler of Persia 1736-. Conquered Turks and northern India. Took Koh-i-noor diamond, Peacock Throne.

Nagyvarad, Peace. 1538. Divided Hungary between Hapsburg and Zápolya. Failure allowed Ottoman occupation of 2/3 of Hungary.

Nasrids. 1238-1492. Last Moslem dynasty in Spain.

National Defense, Gov’t of. 1870-71. France. Fall of Empire until recall of National Assembly.

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