Solidarity. 1980. Polish workers movement led by Walesa. Martial Law 1981-83. Democratic elections 1989.

Sousa, Martin de. 1500-64. First Portuguese colony in Brazil 1532.

Speyer, Diet. 1526,1529. Luther’s protest against the church’s intolerance of Reformers.

Stephen, St. -31. First Christian martyr.

Tegh Bahadur. 1621-75. 2nd Sikh martyr.

Tetzel, Johann. c1465-1519. German monk. Sold indulgences by threats causing Luther’s protests.

Timothy, St. -c97. Christian Martyr. First bishop of Ephesus.

Tolpuddle Martyrs. 1834. 6 British farmworkers transported despite protests for union organizing.

Trent, Council of. 1545-63. Compiled Missal used by Roman Catholic Church until 1969. Prohibited sale of indulgences. Signals counter-reformation. Luther.

Tromp, Marten. 1598-1653. Dutch admiral. Defeated Spain 1639 at Downs.

Tyndale, William. 1494-1536. English Protestant martyr. First English language bible.

Ursula, St. 4C. Martyred by Huns with 11,000 virgins.

Utrillo, Maurice. 1883-1955. Montmartre painter. Sacre Coeur 1937. White Period 1908-14.

Valentine, St. c270. 2 Christians martyred by Claudius II. Modern celebration derives from Roman Lupercalia fertility festival.

Van Buren, Martin. 1782-1862. US president 1837-41. Independent treasury, US neutrality. Barnburner. Called “Little Magician” for his political dexterity.

Wishart, George 1513-46. Scottish Protestant martyr.

Wittenberg. 1517. Church door on which Luther posted his 95 Theses.

Worms, Diet of. 1521. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Lutheranism outlawed. Luther declared heretic, exiled. Reformation.