Bouvines, Battle. 1214. French defeat English, HRE coalition. Recapture Angou...France a major power.

Brittany. Inhab c3500BC. Celts. 57BC Rome. 5-6C Britons (Celts) re-settle. 12C Capetian. 1365 Montfort Dukedom. 1532 France.

Brussels, Treaty. 1948. = Western Union. 50 year alliance of Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands. 1954 + W Germany, Italy.

Budé, Guillaume. 1467-1540. Humanist, Greek scholar. Founded Collège de France.

Burgundy. 5C BC Rome. 5C Burgundians settle. 534 Merovingian. 843 divided; W=duchy. 1016 France 1364 Independent duchy. 1477 France(W)/Hapsburg(E).

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Burnette, Frances. 1849-1924. English/US writer. Little Lord Fauntleroy 1886.

Cabrini, St. Frances Xavier. 1850-1917. First American saint.

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Cambrai League. 1508-10. Holy Roman Empire, Aragon, France, Rome vs Venice.

Cameroon. 1472 Portugal explores. 16-19C Slave source. 1884 Germany. 1916 France(E)/Britain(W). 1960 Independent. 1961 NW to Nigeria; SW =Cameroon Republic.

Capetians. Dynasty that ruled France 987-1328.

Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles I. c742-814. King of France. = Charlemagne.

Charles II, the Bald. 823-77. King of France 843-. Emperor of the West 875-. Verdun Treaty.

Charles III, the Simple. 879-929. King of France 893-923. Added Lorraine. Deposed.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles VI, the Well-beloved. 1368-1422. King of France 1380-. Insanity led to Civil War. Berry.

Charles VII, the Well-served. 1403-61. King of France 1422-. Joan of Arc. Arras Treaty. Pragmatic Sanction.

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