Cage, John. 1912-92. Father of US avant-garde musical movement. Experiments with randomness and new sounds.

Carbonari. 1806-31. Naples. Secret revolutionary society. Young Italy Movement.

Carson, Edward. 1854-1935. Irish. Formed Ulster Volunteers to resist Home Rule.

Cassini, Giovanni. 1625-1712. Italian astronomer. Movement of moon.

Cavaliere, Emilio del. c1550-1602. Added arias and choral movements to cantatas. Early dramatic music.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Clear Grits Movement. 1848-51. Canadian political movement for representation by population.

Dario, Ruben. 1867-1916. Published Azul 1888, starting Modernismo movement.

Defence of India Act. 1915. Britain. Caused Noncooperation Movement.

Delhi Pact. 1931. Civil disobedience in India ceased in exchange for prisoner release. 1950. India, Pakistan restore rights, freedom of movement for refugees.

Divine, Father. 1882-1965. US black leader. Peace Mission Movement.

Du Bois, William. 1868-1963. US writer. Founded Niagara movement, NAACP 1909.

Ecumenicalism. 1846-. Movement to unite all Christian churches.

Enlightenment. 17-18C. Intellectual movement. Rationalism, natural laws vs dogma, authority. J-J Rousseau. Smith. Mendlessohn. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Montesquieu. Hume. Berkeley. Sturm und Drang.

Enver Pasha. 1881-1922. Young Turk leader. Revolt, 1908. WWI. Ruled with Triumvirate. 1913-18. Talât Pasha.

EOKA. 1955-74. Cyprus anti-British movement for union with Greece.

Eudoxus of Cnidus. c400-350BC. Greek astronomer. Explained movement of sun, moon, planets.

Fabian Society. 1883. English non-revolutionary socialist movement. Founded Labour Party. Shaw.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

Félibrige. 1854. Mistral’s Provençale revival movement.

Feminism. 20C Women’s movement to achieve equality with men.

Five Pecks of Rice. 206-20. Chinese Taoist political movement vs poverty, instability.

Fouqué, Friedrich. 1777-1843. German Romantic writer. Undine 1811.

Frelimo. 1964-74. Mozambique liberation movement vs Portugal.

Functionalism. 1924-45. Architectural movement of Le Corbusier. Austere objects perfected to carry out their function.

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