Woodhull, Victoria. 1838-1927. US reformer. First female presidential candidate 1872. Suffrage, free love advocate.

World War I. 1914-18. Allies-France, British Empire, Russia, Italy, US(1917-) vs Central Powers-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire. Caused by Nationalist movements, Balkan instability, trade rivalry, alliances. 30M casualties. First tanks, chemical, planes, submarines. Ended Russian, Ottoman, Austria-Hungarian Empires.

Wright, Wilbur. 1867-1912, Orville. 1871-1948. Aviation pioneer. First sustained controlled heavier than air flight, 1903.

Wyclif(fe), John. c1330-84. English religious reformer. Lollard leader. Advocated religion from within rather than mechanical practice. Began First English translation of bible.

Wyoming. 1869 First US territory to give women vote. 1925 First US woman governor.

Xavier, St. Francis. 1506-52. One of First Jesuits. Apostle to Asia 1540-.

Yourcenar, Marguerite. 1903-87. French writer; First woman in Académie Française.

Ypres, Battles. 1914,15,17,18. German First use of poison gas, 1915.

Yü the Great. -2197BC. Legendary founder of First Chinese dynasty, Hsia.

Yüan Shih-kai. 1859-1916. First president of Chinese Republic 1912-. Attempts to establish a new dynasty failed. Warlords.

Zeno of Elea. Paradox: Arrow can never reach its target because it progresses in ever decreasing fractions of distance remaining. ½,¼... First use of dialectic reasoning.

Zollverein. 1818-71. German economic agreements led by Prussia...German Customs Union 1834. First steps toward union.

Action Française. 1898-1945. French right wing political movement and newspaper.

Anglo-Catholicism. High Church movement in Church of England. Stresses link with Roman Catholic church. Oxford Movement.

Anti-Corn Law League. 1839-46. Cobden and Bright’s pacifist movement for Free Trade, public education, against social reform and Chartists. Corn Laws.

Anti-Saloon League. 1893 US Temperance organization. Prohibition.

Aragon, Louis. 1897-1982. French Romantic poet + Communist.

Arminianism. 17C-. Christian movement. Free-will is compatible with God’s sovereignty.

Bakunin, Mikhail. 1814-76. Russian anarchist revolutionary. International movement. Advocated assassination. Dieu et l’état 1871.

Black Hundreds. 1905-9. Russian movement. Opposed revolution. Persecuted Jews-50,000 dead.

Black Muslims. 20C US movement to apply Islam to Black life. Malcolm X.

Black Nationalism. 1960-73. US political movement for economic power.

Bright, John. 1811-89. English Quaker MP: Free Trade Movement. Cobden. Anti-Corn Law.

Brown, Robert. 1773-1858. Scottish botanist: Brownian movement. Plant cell nucleus.

Buchmanism. 1922-65. Christian revivalist movement stressing honesty, purity, love, unselfishness. =Moral Rearmament 1938. Oxford Group.

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