Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Michael. 1596-1645. Russian czar 1613-. First of Romanov dynasty.

Michelin, Édouard. 1859-1940. First removable pneumatic tires for bicycles 1888, for cars 1895.

Midhat Pasha. 1822-83. Turkish Vizier. First Ottoman constitution 1876.

Mill, Henry. English. First typewriter patent 1714.

Monteverdi, Claudio. 1567-1643. Italian composer. First opera: Orfeo 1607. L’Arianna 1608. Madrigals 1583.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

Montgolfier, Joseph. 1740-1810. Jacques, 1745-99. Brothers. First hot air balloon 1783.

Mott, Lucretia. 1793-1880. Organized first US women’s rights conference with Stanton, 1848.

Mountbatten, Louis, First earl. 1900-79. British admiral and statesman. Allied commander SE Asia. Last Viceroy of India. Killed by IRA terrorists.

Mugabe, Robert. 1924-. Rebel leader with Nkomo. First Prime Minister of Zimbabwe 1980-.

Muñoz Marin, Luis. 1898-1980. First elected governor of Puerto Rico 1948-63.

Murray, James. 1722-94. First British governor of Quebec. Supported French residents. Recalled.

Muscovy Company. 1555-1698. English company with monopoly on Russian trade. First joint-stock.

Mylae, Battle. 260BC. Roman navy defeats Carthaginians in first Punic War.

Nadar. 1820-1910. French portrait photographer. First aerial photo 1856/8.

Nehru, Pandit Jawaharial. 1889-1964. Congress Movement 1929-. First Indian Prime Minister 1947-. Rationalized Hindu laws.

Newcomen, Thomas. 1663-1729. First steam engine, 1706, as mine pump. Basis of Watt’s.

Newspapers.1566 Venice (first). 1594 Mercurius Gallobelgious England. 1621 Batter England. 1662 First censorship. 1690 Boston. 1702 Daily Courant, first daily.

Ngo Dinh Diem. 1901-63. Repressive anti-communist. First President of South Vietnam 1954-. Killed in coup.

Nicot, Jean. 1530-1600. French diplomat who first imported tobacco 1550.

Niepce, Nicéphore. 1765-1833. French. First permanent photographic image 1826.

Nordenskjöld, Erik. 1832-1901. Sweden. First successful navigation of North-East passage 1878-9.

Norfolk, First Duke. c1366-99. Lord Appellant. Dominated Richard II 1387-89.

North Sea Oil. 1975. First pumped.

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