Carrhae, Battle. 53BC. Failed Roman invasion of Parthia. Crassus killed. End of first triumvirate.

Carver, John. 1576-1621. English pilgrim, First Governor of Plymouth.

Catherine of Aragon. 1485-1536. First wife of Henry VIII. Marriage annulled.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Cavour, Count. 1810-61. Founding editor Il Risorgimento, 1847-. First Prime Minister of united Italy 1852-. Plombieres.

Caxton, William. c1422-91. Printed first English book 1473/4. First printer in England, 1476. Published Chaucer, Aesop. First woodcuts appear in Game and Playe of Chesse 1476. First poster 1477.

Cayley, George. 1773-1857. Flying machine 1796. First manned glider flight 1853.

Cecrops. Mythological first king of Athens. Snake-man.

Celestine V, St. 1209-96. Founded Celestines 1264. 1294 First Pope to abdicate. Imprisoned by Boniface VIII.

Chambers, Ephraim. c1680-1740. First English Cyclopaedia 1728, used by French Encyclopedists.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Chaplin, Charlie. 1889-1977. English silent film actor. First international film star: The Kid 1921. Modern Times 1936. Little Tramp.

Chardonnet, Comte de. 1839-1924. First Rayon factory.

Charles I, of Anjou. 1226-85. French King of Naples and Sicily 1246-. Son of Louis VIII. Harsh rule. First Angevin.

Chartreuse. 1084. Isère, French first Carthusian monastery.

Childs. Britain. First cheques 1761.

Chocolate. 1519 Cortes brings to Spain 1657 first Chocolate House. 1847 Fry: bars. 1875 Peter: Milk Chocolate.

Ciceronian Period. 70-43BC. First great age of Latin literature.

Cierva y Cordoniu, Juan de la. 1895-1936. Spanish autogyro inventor 1923. First vertical take-off 1934.

Cleisthenes. Athenian. First democratic constitution 509BC. Introduced ostracism.

Clermont Council. 1095. Proposed first Crusade.

Clive, Robert. 1725-74. Conquerer, First British governor of Bengal.

Clovis I. 465-511. Salian Frankish king 481-. Conquered N Gaul. Baptized at Reims. Moved capital to Paris in 506. First Merovingian king of France.

Coffee. 16/17C to Europe. 1650 Oxford. First coffee house.

Colchester. Pre-Roman Belgic capital. First Roman settlement in Britain.

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