Finnish War of Independence. 1918. Anti-communists defeat Bolsheviks with German aid.

Fisher, St. John. 1469-1535. English Humanist scholar. Beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of church. More.

Fizeau, Armand. 1819-96. French physicist. Measured speed of light, 1849.

Flaminian Way. 220BC. Roman road to Rimini.

Flamininus, Quinctus. c227-174BC. Roman General who def Philip V of Macedonia 197BC.

Flaxman, John. 1755-1826. British Neoclassical sculptor.

Flood, Great. c3000BC. Destruction of man and world by God. Forty days and night. Noah. Gilgamesh.

Flora. Roman goddess of flowers.

Florence, Union of. 1439. Brief reconciliation of Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches.

Florentine. School of Painting. 1270 Academy of Fine Arts. Express humanist ideas through art. Realism and chiarascuro. DaVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael.

Flying Dutchman. Legendary ghost ship of Cape of Good Hope.

Fokker, Anthony. 1890-1939. Dutch/German/ US aircraft engineer for Germany, WWI. Remote control plane, 1919.

Forster, E. M. 1879-1970. English humanist novelist. Room With a View 1908. Passage to India 1924.

Fortuna. Roman goddess of destiny. = Tyche.

Fortunatus. Hero with inexhaustible purse in 15C German lit.

Forum. 2C. Roman open-air meeting place. Trajan.

Fouqué, Friedrich. 1777-1843. German Romantic writer. Undine 1811.

Fox, Charles. 1749-1806. English Whig Statesman who supported Liberal causes. Coined term ’radical’ 1797.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

France, Battle. June 5-16, 1940. Germany takes France.

Francis I. 1708-65. Holy Roman Emperor, 1745-. Husband of Maria Theresa. Wars of Polish and Austrian Succession.

Francis Joseph II. 1906-89. Ruled Liechtenstein 1938-. Neutral in WWII. High tech, banking, Europe’s richest nation. Woman suffrage 1984.

Franck, César. 1822-90. Belgian/French organist, Romantic composer.

Franco-Prussian War. 1870-1. Unified Germany dominated by Prussia, wins Alsace-Lorraine. Commune. Ems Dispatch.

Franconia. 843-. Nucleus of E Frankish kingdom. Duke = First elected German king Conrad I.

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