Crete. c6100BC Knossos civilization. 3500BC Minoan. 1100BC Greek 67BC Rome. 826 Saracen. 960 Byzantine. 1205 Venice. 1669 Ottoman. 1912 Greece. 1941-45 Germany occupies.

Crete, Battle. 1941. First German airborne invasion.

Cro-Magnon Man. 30,000BC-. First Homo Sapiens.

Croatia. Balkans. 812 Croatia. 1089 +Hungary. 1527 Ottoman/Hapsburg. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1920 +Dalmatia. 1941 Independent. 1945 Yugoslavia. 1992 Independent Republic.

Croce, Benedetto. 1866-1952. Italian statesman, philosopher. Opposed fascism.

Crockett, Davy. 1786-1836. US frontiersman. Killed at Alamo.

Cross, Richard. 1823-1914. British statesman: First urban renewal act.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Culhwch + Olwen. c1100. Earliest Arthurian romance.

Cunningham, Andrew. 1883-1963. WWII admiral, British chief of naval staff 1943-6.

Cupid. Roman god of love, son of Venus. = Eros.

Curia. Roman political division.

Cuza, Alexandru. 1820-73. First Prince of Romania, 1859-66. Freed serfs. Educational reform.

Cybele. Roman Great Mother of gods. = Rhea.

Cymbeline. c40. Legendary British king, resisted Romans.

Czechoslovakia. 1918 Formed in breakup of Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1920 Little Entente. 1938 -Sudetenland. 1939-45 German occupation. 1949 People’s Democratic Republic. 1968 Prague Spring. 1991 Republic. 1993 Split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.

D-Day. June 6, 1944. Normandy Landing.

Dacia. Ancient name for Romania.

Daily Telegraph Affair. 1908. Unauthorized interview of Kaiser causes protests in Germany.

Daimler, Gottlieb. 1834-1900. German. Gasoline engine, 1885. Automobile, 1886. Benz. Maybach.

Dance, George. (The Elder). British designer of Mansion House 1737, London Bridge rebuild 1746.

D’Annunzio, Gabriele. 1863-1938. Italian nationalist writer. Siezed Fiume 1919. Revived Roman salute.

Darlan, François. 1881-1942. French admiral. Built navy 1933-40. Collaborated with Germany, 1941-2, then Americans. Assassinated.

Darwin, Charles. 1809-1882. English Naturalist. His Theory of Evolution supported Materialism. Origin of Species by Natural Selection 1859. Descent of Man 1871.

Dawes, Charles. 1865-1951. US statesman. Dawes Plan.

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