Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Charles Emmanuel I. 1562-1630. Duke of Savoy. Last attack vs Geneva, 1602. Escalade.

Charon. Ferryman on River Styx.

Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

Chatterton, Thomas. 1752-70. English poet. Forerunner of Romantics. Suicide.

China. T’ang(leg). Yü (leg). c1994BC Hsia. c1500 Shang. c1027 Chou. 481 Warring States. 221 Ch’in. 202BC Han. 220 AD Three Kingdoms. 265 Chin. 386 Northern Dyn(N)/420 Southern Dyn(S). 581 Sui rebuild. 618 T’ang. 10C Five dyn/Ten kingdoms. 960 Sung. 1279 Yüan (Mongol). 1368 Ming. 1644 Ch’ing (Manchu). 1912 Republic. 1938-44 Japanese occupation. 1949 People’s Republic.

Chinese Revolution. 1911. Manchu dynasty replaced by a republic. Sun Yat Sen.

Ch’ing. =Manchu.

Christian X. Danish king 1912-47. Symbol of Danish Resistance. Imprisoned by Nazis 1943-5. Women’s vote 1915. Independent Iceland 1918.

Chu Teh. 1886-1976. Commander-in-Chief of Chinese Red Army. Long March.

Cicero, Marcus. 106-43BC. Roman orator. Opposed Caesar and Antony. Executed. De Re Republica 54-51BC.

Cimbri. 2C BC. Germanic tribe. Invaded Rome. Annihilated.

Cincinnatus. 5C BC. Roman hero and statesman.

Cinna, Lucius. c84BC. Roman consul. Killed Sulla’s supporters. Assassinated.

Cistercians. 1098-. RC monastic order. Rigorous rule. Trappist vows of silence 1664.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Classicism. Art and architecture in imitation of Greek and Roman styles. Neoclassical.

Claudius I. 10BC-54AD. Roman Emperor 41-. Added Britain to empire.

Clausewitz, Karl von. 1780-1831. German. On War 1816.

Clausius, Rudolph. 1822-88. German physicist. Entropy.

Clay, Henry. 1777-1852. “Great Pacificator”. US statesman. Missouri Compromise.

Clinton, Henry. 1738-95. Commander 1778-81. Blamed for British defeat in American Revolution.

Colchester. Pre-Roman Belgic capital. First Roman settlement in Britain.

Cold War. 1946-90. Alternating crisis and detente between west and east, begun with Russia breaking Potsdam Agreement and creating communist regimes in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.

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