Stafford, Henry. 1454-83. Aided, then opposed Richard III. Executed.

Stanislavsky, Konstantin. 1863-1938. Russian director. Founded Moscow Art Theater 1898. Method Acting.

Stanislaw II. 1732-98. Last king of Poland 1764-95. Installed by his lover Catherine II.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

Ste. Chapelle. 1246-8. Paris. Architect: Pierre de Montreuil. Built to house The Crown of Thorns.

Stockton, Frank. 1834-1902. US humour writer. The Lady or the Tiger 1884.

Strasbourg Oath. 842. Charles II, Louis II oppose Lothair I. Earliest example of written French.

Suárez, Francisco. 1548-1617. Spanish Scholastic philosopher, Jesuit theologian. Wrote against divine right of kings.

Suffolk, First duke. c1484-1545. Brother-in-law, aide of Henry VIII. Incompetent military leader.

Suffolk, Duke of. -1554. Father, supported Lady Jane Grey. Executed for Wyat Rebellion.

Sully, Maurice de. 1120-96. Bishop; built Notre-Dame Cathedral, 1159-.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Surrealism. 1920-. Artistic and literary movement dealing with the expression of the subconscious mind, fantasy, dreams. Klee, Dali, de Chirico, Chagall.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

Sweyn. -1014. Danish king c987-. Conquered Norway 1000, England 1013. Canute’s father.

Synge, John. 1871-1909. Irish poet, dramatist. Riders to the Sea 1904. Playboy of the Western World 1907.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Tajikistan. 3C BC Persian Empire. 711 Moslem. 1860 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Tallien, Jean. 1767-1820. French Jacobin. Led Rebellion of 9 Thermidor.

Tamils. Dravidian people settled northern Sri Lanka, southern India 200BC.

Taraori, Battles. 1191-2. Moslems conquer northern India.

Tarquinius Superbus. Cruel last king of Rome 534-510BC. Tarquinius Sextus’ father.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Tay Son Rebellion. 1771-88. Vietnam. Tay Son brothers take power. 1788-93. Defeat invading Chinese. Social reforms.

Taylor, Brook. 1685-1731. English mathematician. Theorem of Differential Calculus 1715.

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