Rousseau, Henri. Le Douanier. 1844-1910. Allegorical Expressionist painter. The Dream. Sleeping Gypsy 1897. Hungry Lion 1905.

Roxana. -c311BC. Wife of Alexander the Great. Executed after his death.

Royaume, Mother. Saved Geneva 1602 by pouring hot stew (and pot) on heads of Savoy soldiers.

Ruche, La. the Beehive. Montparnasse Avant-garde artist residence and studio, 1900-30. Chagall. Léger.

Runeberg, Johan. 1804-77. Finnish epic poet. National anthem adapted from his poem Vårtland.

Ruskin, John. 1819-1900. English writer and Pre-Raphaelite art critic. Social reformer.

Russell, William. 1639-83. English Whig. Executed, then acquitted for Rye House Plot.

Ruthenia. 1321 Lithuania. 1772 Russ/Austria-Hungary. 1920 Czechoslovakia. 1939 Hungary. 1945 = Transcarpathian Ukraine (USSR).

Rutherford, Ernest. 1871-1937. NZ/English physicist. Beta rays 1899, Nuclear theory of atom1911.

SA. 1921-34. Brownshirts. Nazi force for breaking up rival party meetings. Purged on Night of Long the Knives.

Sa’di. c1213-1292. Classical Persian lyric poet. The Orchard 1257.

Saint-Simon, Henri de. 1760-1825. “Father” of French Socialism. Utopian writer. Organisateur 1820. Industry. New Christianity 1825.

Salinger, JD. 1919- US novelist. Catcher in the Rye 1951.

Salonika. Thessaloniki.

Salpêtrière. 1656. Established by Louis XIV to care for the 55,000 beggars on the streets of Paris. Pinel.

Samaritans. Jewish sect. Claim descent from Jews not deported 722BC. A claim rejected by other Jews. Lost Ten Tribes of Israel.

San Juan Hill, Battle. 1898. Part of Battle of Santiago. US defeat Spain in Cuba. Roosevelt. Rough Riders.

San Marino. 301 St Marinus the Dalmation settles. 1463 expanded. 1600 Constitution. Oldest, smallest independent republic.

Sandburg, Carl. 1878-1967. US poet of the people. Chicago 1914.

Sandwich, Montagu, 4th earl. 1718-92. British politician. Invented sandwich 1762.

Sangallo, Antonio da, the Younger. 1483-1546. Florentine architect. Rome’s Palazzo Farnese 1534-46.

Saracens. Moslems in the Middle Ages. Caliphate Empire.

Sarah. Old Testament figure. Abraham’s wife. Isaac’s mother.

Saroyan, William. 1908-81. US writer. The Time of Your Life 1939.

Saud. 1902-69. Son of Ibn Sa’ud. Saudi King 1953-64. Deposed by brother, Faisal.

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