Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philip V. 1683-1746. First Bourbon king of Spain 1700-. Accession led to War of Spanish Succession, loss of Netherlands and Italian possessions. War of Polish Succession.

Philip the Good. 1396-1467. Valois Duke of Burgundy 1419-. Allied with England vs France.

Philippics. Acrimonious orations of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedonia.

Phrynichus. c512-476BC. Athenian playwright. First women characters. Capture of Miletus 494BC.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

Pierre de Montreuil. 13 C builder of Notre-Dame Cathedral, architect of Ste-Chapelle, 1248.

Pilgrim Fathers. 1620. English religious Separatists who sailed on Mayflower to avoid persecution.

Piraeus. 5C BC-. Athenian port.

Pisano, Giovanni. c1254-1314. Italian Gothic sculptor, son of Nicola Perouse Fountain 1278. Pistoia Cathedral pulpit 1301. PIsa Cathedral pulpit 1302-10.

Pitt, William, the Younger. 1759-1806. English foe of Napoleon. Tory Prime Minister 1783~. Laissez-faire. Repressive measures 1793-1800.

Plague. 429-425BC Athens. 33% died. 1347-53 Europe. (Black Death). Killed 25-50% population. 1603~65 England. 1720 Provençe. 1710 Scandinavia. 1894 China, Hong Kong. 100,000 died, 10M around world.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Pobedonostev, Konstantin. 1827-1907. Russian. professor, tutor to Alexander III, Nicholas II. Pro-autocracy. “Parliaments are the great lie of our time.”

Poe, Edgar Allan. 1809-49. US poet and horror story writer: Tales of the Grotesque 1840. Murders in the Rue Morgue 1841. The Raven 1845.

Poincaré, Henri. 1854-1912. French mathematician.

Poitiers, Battle. 732. Charles Martel halts invasion, saving Europe from Moslem rule. 1356. Edward the Black Prince defeats and captures John II. Brétigny Treaty.

Poltava, Battle. 1709. Russia defeats Swedish invasion, becomes a power. Northern War.

Polytheism. Belief in multiple gods.

Pompeius, Sextus. 67-35BC. Pompey’s son. Fought Caesar after father’s death.

Poncelet, Jean. 1788-1867. French mathematician. Projective geometry.

Pont-Aven. 1886-88. School of Synthesism led by Gauguin.

Porte St-Denis. Paris. 1672. Celebrates Louis XIV’s victories on the Rhine.

Porte St-Martin. Paris. 1674. Commemorates the capture of Besançon.

357 more results ...