Euler, Leonhard. 1707-83. Swiss mathematician. Calculus, optics. Analytic geometry.

Europa. Daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, raised by Zeus (Jupiter). Minos’ mother.

Evolution. Theory that life evolves from earlier forms. Conflicts with Biblical version of creation. Darwinism.

Ezzelino III da Ramono. 1194-1259. Cruel ruler of northern Italy. Subject of Dante’s Inferno.

Faraday, Michael. 1791-1867. English physicist: electromagnetic induction. Ether effect 1818. Electric motor 1821. Dynamo 1831. Electrolysis 1833. Faraday effect 1845.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Farragut, David. 1801-70. Union Civil War admiral. -“Damn the torpedoes. Full speed ahead!”.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

Faulkner, William. 1897-1962. American novelist of US south. The Sound and the Fury 1929.

Fellow Travellers. 1917. Russian writers not actively supporting the revolution. Communist sympathizers who are not party members.

Fénelon, François. 1651-1715. French theologian. Quietism 1696. Telemachus 1698.

Fermat, Pierre de. 1601-65. French mathematician/jurist. Modern Number Theory. Last Theorem 1631: There does not exist xⁿ+yⁿ=zⁿ for n>2; x,y,z ε N. Proved by Wiles 1995.

Festival of Federation. 14 July,1790. Celebration of first anniversary of Storming the Bastille. 300,000 people.

Festival of the Supreme Being. 8 June 1794. Declared by Robespierre and designed by David.

Fibonacci, Leonardo. 1170-1240. Pisa mathematician. Book of Abacus 1202. Fibonacci Numbers 1203. Practica Geometrica 1220.

Ficino, Marsilio. 1433-99. Italian philosopher. Translated Greek classics to Latin. Theologia Platonicum 1482.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Finsen, Niels. 1860-1904. Danish originator of ultraviolet therapy. Invented U-V bulb.

Fisher, Ronald. 1890-1962. British scientist. Mathematical statistics. Variance.

Five Hundred, Council of. 508BC. Athens’ representative government.

Five Mile Act. 1665. English Nonconformist clergy banned 5 miles from towns where they had preached.

Folies-Bergère. 1869. Paris theater introduced striptease 1894.

Foucault, Léon. 1819-68. Proved rotation of the earth in an experiment at the Pantheon, Paris, 1851. Gyroscope, 1852.

Fouquet, Nicolas. 1615-80. Finance Minister to Louis XIV. Imprisoned for embezzlement after a 3 year trial at The Arsenal 1661-4.

Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine. 1746-1795. Public prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal during Terror. Guillotined.

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