Bruegel, Pieter (the Elder). 1525-69. Flemish narrative painter of village life. Natural realism. Peasant Wedding 1567. Hunters in the Snow 1565.

Brunelleschi, Filippo. 1377-1446. Florentine architect. Dome of Florence Cathedral 1420. Perspective 1415.

Bucephalus. -326BC. Alexander the Great’ s horse.

Buddhism. c528BC. Widely practised in Asia. Nirvana is achieved by following the 8-fold path and 4 Noble Truths. 1C BC Mahayana Sutras. 6C reaches Japan. 12C Zen Buddhism widely practiced in Japan.

Bull, John. 1562-1628. English early keyboard composer. Often credited with God Save the Queen.

Bull Moose. 1912-16. Liberal Republicans for Roosevelt in first US Progressive Party.

Burbage, James. 1531-97. Built first English theatre 1576. Later rebuilt as Globe.

Burckhardt, Jacob. 1818-97. Swiss cultural historian. Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 1860.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Burning of the Books. 213BC. Chinese censorship. To erase all history before reign of Shih Huang-ti.

Burns, Robert. 1759-96. Scottish national poet: Auld Lang Syne, Comin’ Through the Rye. Kilmarnock Edition 1786.

Cadmus. Mythical founder of Thebes. Introduced alphabet to Greeks. Europa’s brother.

Cage, John. 1912-92. Father of US avant-garde musical movement. Experiments with randomness and new sounds.

Calais. British siege 1346. Six burghers offer their lives to save town. Britain controls -1558.

Callicrates. Greek. An architect of Parthenon.

Calliope. The Greek Muse of epic poetry.

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Camel, Battle of the. 656. Basra. Ali victory in first Moslem Civil War.

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. CND. 1958- Founded by Russell. Aldermaston Marches. The peace symbol, overlaid semaphore ND, was designed for the CND.

Campanella, Tommaso. 1568-1639. Italian monk, philosopher. City of the Sun 1602 parallels Plato’s Republic.

Canterbury Cathedral. 1070-89. First double transept.

Cape of Good Hope. Bantu. 1652 Dutch. 1814 British Cape Colony. 1910 Province, South Africa.

Caravaggist School of Painting. Themes of courtesan, cheaters. e.g. George de la Tour.

Cardigan, James Brudenell, Earl of. 1797-1868. British General. Led Charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson. Crimean War.

Carib. Warlike natives of Amazon Basin. 15C conquered Arawak. Cannibals. Decimated by disease. St Vincent.

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