Bayeux Tapestry. c1104. 70 meter illustration of Norman Conquest of England.

Beatrice. c1265-90. Florentine woman immortalized by Dante.

Bebel, August. 1840-1913. Founder of German Social Democrat Party.

Beckett, Samuel. 1906-89. English/Irish novelist, dramatist expressing man’s suffering: Waiting for Godot 1952. Endgame.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Beghards. 13C. Catholic men’s charitable communities. Condemned 1311.

Behrens, Peter. 1868-1940. German modern architect. AEG Factory 1909.

Behring, Emil. 1854-1917. German bacteriologist: founded Immunology. Diphtheria (1892), Tetanus (1904) serums.

Beirut. 20C BC Phoenicia. 15BC Rome. 635 Moslem. 1110 Crusaders. 1187 Saladin. 1516 Ottoman. 1291 Mameluk. 1920 Capital of Lebanon. 1975-90 Lebanese Civil War.

Belgium. 150BC Celts. 51BC Rome. 3C Franks. 9C Lower Lorraine. 15C Burgundy. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1714 Austria. 1795 French. 1814 Austria. 1815 +Holland=United Netherlands. 1831 Independent kingdom. Neutrality guaranteed by Quintuple Treaty 1839. WWII Germans occupy. 1948 Benelux.

Belgrade, Treaty. 1739. Ottoman Empire ends wars with Austria and Russia. Limits Russian ships on Black Sea.

Bell Book and Candle. Roman Catholic excommunication.

Bellarmine, St. Robert. 1542-1621. Italian Jesuit defender of RC church vs Protestantism, Copernican theory, heretics. Galileo.

Bellay, Joachim du. 1522-60. French poet. Defence of French Language 1549 was Pléiade manifesto.

Bellini, Vincenzo. 1801-35. Italian Romantic opera composer. Norma 1831.

Bellona. Roman goddess of war. Mars’ sister.

Belsen. 1933-45. Nazi concentration camp. Commandant Kramer executed.

Benedictines. 529-. RC monastic order. Spread Christianity. Preserved Latin culture.

Benz, Karl. 1844-1929. German engineer. 1885 internal combustion engine driven car.

Bergman, Ingmar. 1918-. Swedish filmmaker dealing with moral issues, psychoses. Persona 1966.

Berkeley, George. 1685-1753. Irish immaterialist philosopher: reality exists only in the eye of God; for man, only when perceived. Principles of Knowledge 1710.

Berlin. Capital of: 1701 Prussia. 1871 Germany. 1949 German Democratic Republic. 1990 Germany.

Berlin Congress. 1878. Bulgaria divided, independence for Romania, Serbia. Turkey gains Macedonia. Russia gains Armenia. Britain gains Cyprus. Revised San Stefano treaty.

Berlioz, Hector. 1803-1869. French Romantic composer. Grandiose themes directly from feelings.Symph. Fantastique 1830. Romeo and Juliette 1839. Treatise on Orchestration 1844. Damnation of Faust 1846.

Bernanos, Georges. 1888-1948. French Catholic polemic writer against materialism. Diary of a Country Priest 1937.

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