Rastatt, Congress of. 1713. After War of Spanish Succession, Holy Roman Empire renounces claim to Spanish throne. 1797-9. Failed at peace between France and HRE.

Rathenau. Walter. 1867-1922. German industrialist, statesman. Organized economy for WWI. Assassinated.

Ravenna. 402 Western Roman Empire capital. 476 Ostrogothic capital of Italy. 553 Byzantine. 751 Lombard. 754 Franks. 1278 Papal States. 1441 Venice. 1509 Papal States. 1859 Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Ray, Man. 1890-1976. US Dada painter/photographer.

Red River Colony. 1812 Selkirk. Wars vs Métis -1821. 1836 Hudson Bay Co. 1870 =Manitoba. Riel. Seven Oaks.

Reform Judaism. 19C. German movement vs Orthodox ritualism.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Regiomontanus. 1436-76. German astronomer. First modern exposition of trigonometry. Decimals 1467.

Reich, Second. 1871-1918. German Empire under Kaisers William I, II.

Reich, Third. 1933-45. Germany under Hitler.

Reich, Wilhelm. 1897-1957. German/US psychiatrist. Theory of Orgone, a force which permeates the body and is released by orgasm.

Reichskammergericht. 1495-1806. Supreme Court of Holy Roman Empire.

Reichstag. Ruling body of HRE and German states. = Imperial Diet.

Reims Cathedral. 1211. Germans sign surrender 1945.

Reinsurance Treaty. 1887-90. Secret Russian-German pledge of non-intervention.

Remarque, Erich. 1898-1970. German/US writer. All Quiet on the Western Front 1929.

Renaissance. 13-16C Rebirth of the arts, under classical influence. Humanism. Spread from Italy. Art. Architecture. Music.

Renaissance Architecture. Italy 15C-. England 1558-1702. Intellectual search for harmony with Roman and mathematical proportions. Michelangelo. Bramante. Brunelleschi. Manetti.

Renart, le Roman de. Group of French adventure romances written in the 12-13C.

Renner, Karl. 1870-1950. Austrian republican leader and president. Supported union with Germany before WWII.

Resistance. WWII underground paramilitary groups in German-occupied countries, notably France. Partisans. Maquis.

Restitution, Edict. 1629. HRE restores lands to Roman Catholic Church taken by Protestants since 1552.

Reuchlin, Johannes. 1455-1522. German. Christian. Created Hebrew grammar.

Reuter, Paul. 1816-99. German telegraphic press pioneer, 1851. Pigeon post 1850.

Revolutions of 1848. Vienna, Prague, Venice. Romanticism, economic problems, bad harvest, unrest within Austrian Empire led to concessions, abdication of Emperor Ferdinand I.

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