Paullus, Aemilius. 229-160BC. Roman victor at Pydna, 168BC. Ended Macedonian War.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pavia, Battle. 476. Odoacer defeats Romans, ending Western Roman Empire.

Pax. Roman goddess of peace.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Peking Man. 350,000BC. Homo Erectus fossil discovered 1927.

Penates. Roman household gods.

Penfield, Wilder. 1891-1976. Canadian brain surgeon: Cerebral Cortex of Man.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Persius. 34-62. Roman satirical poet. Stoic.

Pétain, Philippe. 1856-1951. Defender at Verdun, 1916. Armistice 1940. Vichy Prime Minister 1940-42. German puppet 1942-4. Life sentence for collaboration after liberation.

Peterloo Massacre. 1819. Peaceful Manchester demonstration for parliamentary reform suppressed by cavalry. 500 casualties. Ultra tories limit freedom of press, assembly.

Petit Pont. 1852. Bridge across Seine at site of original Roman crossing.

Petrarch. 1304-74. Italian humanist author, lyric poet, philosopher. To Laura 1366. Dialogue with St. Augustine.

Petronius, Caius. -66 Roman satirist in Nero’s court. Satyricon.

Pfitzner, Hans. 1869-1949. German Post-romantic opera composer. Palestrina 1917.

Philadelphia. Greek name for Amman, Jordan.

Philip I. 1052-1108. French king 1060-. Recovered Normandy for France.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Philopappus. Syrian prince. Roman consul. Monument faces on Acropolis.

Piazzi, Giuseppe. 1746-1826. Italian discoverer of Ceres, first asteroid seen by man 1801.

Picts. Inhabitants of Scotland. Repelled Romans. Subdued by MacAlpin 843 creating Alban.

Pilate, Pontius. -c39. Roman governor of Judea, who allowed Christ’s crucifixion.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

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