Mithraism. 5C BC-4C. Persian worship of Mithra, sun god of wisdom. Influenced Christianity. Adopted by Romans in Britain. Bull sacrifice.

Modernism. 19C Movement to reinterpret Roman Catholicism based on science, psychology. Declared heretical, 1907. Loisy. Tyrrell.

Mogadishu Raid. 1977. German commandos rescue hijack hostages.

Mohács, Battle. 1526. Suleiman I defeats Louis II. Turkey dominates Hungary to 17C.

Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Moltke, Helmuth von. 1800-91. Chief of Staff of Prussian army 1857-70, German 1870-88.

Mommsen, Theodor. 1817-1903. German historian. History of Rome 1854.

Mongolia. 13C Empire. 1686 China (Manchu). Outer Mongolia: 1913 Independent. 1921 Communist revolution. 1924 People’s Republic. Inner Mongolia: «China.

Monothelitism. 622-713. Christian heresy. Jesus had human and divine natures but only divine will. Monophysitism.

Mons, Battle. WWI. 1914. Germans defeat British.

Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

Montenegro. Balkans. 1159 Serbian Empire. 1516 Autonomous, repelling Turk, Serb, Albanian invasions. 1878 Independent. 1910 Kingdom. 1915 Germans occupy. 1918 +Serbia=Yugoslavia. WWII Italy occupies. 1946 Yugoslavia. 1992 +Serbia=Yugoslavia.

Montgomery, Bernard. 1887-1976. British Field Marshal. Commanded Allies in France, 1944. Defeated Rommel at El Alamein 1942.

Montgomery, L.M. 1874-1942. Canadian Romantic children’s novelist. Anne of Green Gables 1908.

Moore, George. 1852-1933. Irish novelist. Confessions of a Young Man 1888. Esther Waters 1894.

Moral Rearmament. 1938 =Buchmanism. Oxford Group.

Moravia. 5C Slavs settle. 9C Empire. 1029 Bohemia. 1526 Hapsburg. 1918 Czechoslovakia. 1939-45 German protectorate. 1993 Czech Republic.

Moravian Church. Unitas Fratrum. 1457-. Protestant Hussite sect. 1467 Split from Utraquists. 18C German Pietist revival.

More, Thomas. 1477-1535. English humanist, statesman. Utopia 1516, described ideal cooperative democracy. Executed by Henry VIII for opposing Act of Supremacy. Catholic saint.

Moroccan Crisis. 1905. Germany declares Morocco free of France, Algeciras Conference. 1911 = Agadir Crisis. French gain Morocco, Germany Cameroon, Italy Dodecanese.

Morris, Gouverneur. 1752-1816. US statesman. Wrote final version of Constitution. Planned coinage.

Morris, William. 1834-96. English poet, craftsman opposed to 19C ugliness and social inequality. Founder of Socialist League. Wallpaper, fabrics 1861.

Moscow Treaty. 1920 Baltic Liberation. 1921 Turkish frontiers. 1970 W Germany, USSR renounce force.

Moses. c14C BC. Hebrew leader who led his people from Egypt to Palestine. Received the Ten Commandments from God. Founded Israel.

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