Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

Maugham, W. Somerset. 1874-1965. British cosmopolitan Humanist writer. Of Human Bondage 1915. Short Stories. Moon and Sixpence 1919.

Mauriac, François. 1885-1970. French Roman Catholic author of sombre novels. Thérèse 1927.

Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

Mazurian Lakes, Battles. 1914,15. 325,000 Russian casualties by Germany.

McClure, Robert. 1807-73. British naval commander. First Northwest Passage crossing by boat and sledge 1853-4.

McNaughton, Andrew. 1887-1966. Canadian WWII commander in England. Invented direction finder.

Megarian. 4C BC. School of philosophy founded by Eucleides. Good is a single quality by many names.

Mehmed I. -1421. Ottoman sultan. Restored by Tamerlane; re-united Ottoman territory.

Mehmed II. 1432-81. Ottoman sultan 1451~. Captured Constantinople 1453, ending Byzantine Empire. Conquered Anatolia, Greece, Aegean, most of Syria. Re-established Ottoman Empire.

Mehmed VI. 1861-1926. Last Ottoman Sultan 1918-22. Deposed by Ataturk.

Mein Kampf. 1925-27. Hitler’s manifesto. “Bible” of Nazism.

Melanchthon, Philip. 1497-1560. German Lutheran theologian educationist. Dogmatic Protestant 1521, introduced term. Augsburg Confession 1530. Ethics 1538.

Melchites. 451-. Middle Eastern Roman Catholic sect with rites in Arabic, affirming Christ’s dual human/divine nature.

Melville, Herman. 1819-91. US novelist. Moby Dick 1851.

Memel. (Klaipeda). 1253 founded. 1410 German. 1919 Lithuania. 1939 Germany. 1945 USSR. 1991 Lithuania.

Mencius. c371-289BC. Chinese. “2nd” Confucian sage. Man is innately good.

Mendelssohn, Moses. 1729-86. German Jewish reform philosopher. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Mendelssohn-(Bartholdy), Felix. 1809-47. German Classical Romantic melodic composer. Hebrides 1829.

Merchants of the Steelyards. -1598. German traders in London.

Mercury. Roman messenger/commerce god.= Hermes.

Meredith, George. 1828-1909. English manners novelist. Intellectual, witty and poetic. Ordeal 1859. Egoist 1879. Dianna of the Crossways 1885.

Merovingians. 476-751. Frankish dynasty. Childeric founded; Clovis expanded empire to modern France, Germany, Belgium, N Italy. Austrasia, Neustria; 534+Burgundy. Clotaire. Carolingians.

Merrick, Joseph. 1862-90. “Elephant Man”. Severely disfigured English cripple, subject of play and film.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

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