Corsica. 6C BC Phocaean. Etruscan. 278BC Carthage. 259BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 8C Papacy. 10C Saracen. 1077 Pisa. 1296 Genoa, Aragon dispute. 1569 Genoa. 1768 France. 1794 Britain. 1796 France 1814-15 British occupy. WWII Germans occupy.

Counter-Reformation. 1517-1622. Catholic reform that followed the Reformation. Trent.

Country Party. 1913-. Australian pro-agriculture party. Small but influential in coalition governments.

Count’s War. 1533-36. Danish war of succession. Confirmed Protestant Reformation and hereditary succession.

Cousin, Jean the Elder. 1490-1560. French painter. Eva Prima Pandora, early French nude.

Couthon, Georges. 1755-94. French aide to Robespierre. Guillotined.

Coward, Noel. 1899-1973. English playwright. Comedies of manners. Private Lives 1930.

Cranach, Lucas. 1472-1553. German painter and engraver. Luther 1533.

Cranmer, Thomas. 1489-1556. First Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury. Executed by Queen Mary.

Crapper, Thomas. 1836-1910. British plumber. Installed Queen Victoria’s toilets. Manufacturer, but not inventor of syphonic flush toilets.

Crassus, Lucius. 140-91BC. Roman statesman, orator. Banished non-citizens, causing Social War.

Crassus, Marcus. c115-53BC. First Roman triumvirate member. Suppressed Spartacus’ slave revolt.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Crete. c6100BC Knossos civilization. 3500BC Minoan. 1100BC Greek 67BC Rome. 826 Saracen. 960 Byzantine. 1205 Venice. 1669 Ottoman. 1912 Greece. 1941-45 Germany occupies.

Crete, Battle. 1941. First German airborne invasion.

Cricket. 1598 derived from Club ball. 1877 First Test Match Australia/England.

Crispin and Crispinian, Sts. -c285. Martyred patron saints of shoemakers.

Cro-Magnon Man. 30,000BC-. First Homo Sapiens.

Croatia. Balkans. 812 Croatia. 1089 +Hungary. 1527 Ottoman/Hapsburg. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1920 +Dalmatia. 1941 Independent. 1945 Yugoslavia. 1992 Independent Republic.

Croce, Benedetto. 1866-1952. Italian statesman, philosopher. Opposed fascism.

Crockett, Davy. 1786-1836. US frontiersman. Killed at Alamo.

Crosby, Bing. 1904-77. US singer and actor. White Christmas-best selling record until 1998.

Cross, Richard. 1823-1914. British statesman: First urban renewal act.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Culhwch + Olwen. c1100. Earliest Arthurian romance.

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