Cassino. 1944. Town, monastery destroyed in German defence of route to Rome.

Caste System. Hereditary social division, esp. in Hindu India. Brahman. Kshatriyas. Vaisyas. Sudras. Untouchables.

Castiglione, Baldassare. 1478-1529. Italian writer. Ideal court gentleman. Il Cortigiano 1528.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

Cathay. Medieval name for N China. Polo.

Catherine, St. 4C. Virgin martyred on the wheel in Alexandria.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Catherine of Aragon. 1485-1536. First wife of Henry VIII. Marriage annulled.

Catholic Emancipation Act. 1829. Catholics readmitted to English Parliament. Test Act. O’Connell.

Catholic Reformation. Counter Reformation.

Catiline. 109-62BC. Roman patrician who conspired against Cicero and the Senate.

Cato, Marcus. 234-149BC. Roman statesman, censor, writer. Opposed Greek influence.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catullus, Gaius. c87-54BC. Roman lyric poet: Lesbia.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Cauchy, Augustin. 1789-1857. French mathematician.

Cavaliere, Emilio del. c1550-1602. Added arias and choral movements to cantatas. Early dramatic music.

Cavell, Edith. 1865-1915. British nurse in Brussels. Executed by Germans for helping POWs escape.

Cayley, George. 1773-1857. Flying machine 1796. First manned glider flight 1853.

Ceausescu, Nicolae. 1918-89. Repressive Romanian dictator, 1965-. Advocated independence from USSR and western ties. Economic policy led to food, energy shortages. Overthrown and executed.

Cecrops. Mythological first king of Athens. Snake-man.

Cellini, Benvenuto. 1500-71. Florentine Mannerist sculptor, goldsmith. Saltcellar of Francis I 1543. Autobiography 1561.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Centaurs. Mythical beasts, half man, half horse.

2921 more results ...