Buchmanism. 1922-65. Christian revivalist movement stressing honesty, purity, love, unselfishness. =Moral Rearmament 1938. Oxford Group.

Buddha. c566-486BC. Gautama, Siddhartha. Indian prince, Buddhism founder.

Buddhism. c528BC. Widely practised in Asia. Nirvana is achieved by following the 8-fold path and 4 Noble Truths. 1C BC Mahayana Sutras. 6C reaches Japan. 12C Zen Buddhism widely practiced in Japan.

Budé, Guillaume. 1467-1540. Humanist, Greek scholar. Founded Collège de France.

Buffalo Bill. (William Cody). 1846-1917. US western adventurer, showman.

Buisson, Ferdinand. 1841-1932. French educator. Founded League of Human Rights 1898.

Bulgaria. Balkans. 7C Bulgar Empire. 1018 Byzantine. 1185 2nd Bulgar Empire. 1396 Ottoman. 1878. Independent kingdom. 1946 People’s Republic. 1991Republic.

Bulgarian Horrors. 1876. Brutal Ottoman suppression of uprising. 15,000 killed in reprisals.

Bulge, Battle. 1945. Last German offensive on the Western Front at Ardennes. WWII.

Bülow, Bernard. 1849-1929. Prussian Prime Minister 1900-9. Bismarckian Realpolitik. Social legislation.

Bundesrat. Upper house of Swiss, German, Austria Parliaments.

Bundestag. Lower House of German Parliament 1949-. Elects Chancellor.

Bunsen, Robert. 1811-99. German chemist, perfected bunsen burner. Discovered Caesium, Rubidium 1860. Spectroscopy 1859. Kirchhoff.

Bunuel, Luis. 1900-83. Spanish filmmaker. Controversial film of social injustice, Andalusian Dog 1928.

Burgundian. c1075-1125. Style of Romanesque architecture. Tall proportional.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Burkina Faso. (Upper Volta). 11C Bobo. 14C Mossi(E)/Gourma(C)...Kingdoms of Yatanga, Ouagadouga. 1895(E)/97(C) French protectorate. 1904 French Sudan. 1919 French colony. 1932-47 Divided Ivory Coast/Niger/French Sudan. 1948 French Territory. 1960 Independent. 1984 =Burkina Faso.

Burma. Myanmar.

Burma Campaign. 1942-5. British rout Japanese invaders.

Burma Wars. 1824-26, 1852-3, 1885. British conquer and annex Burma.

Burney, Fanny. 1752-1840. English Mannerist novelist. Evelina 1778.

Burns, Robert. 1759-96. Scottish national poet: Auld Lang Syne, Comin’ Through the Rye. Kilmarnock Edition 1786.

Burr, Aaron. 1756-1836. US VP 1801-5. Tied in presidential election with Jefferson. Killed Hamilton in duel 1804. Acquitted of treason 1807.

Burschenschaften. 1815-19. Militant student societies seeking united Germany.

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