Bernadotte, Jean. 1763-1844. Marshal of French Empire, became King Karl XIV Johan of Sweden 1818.

Bernanos, Georges. 1888-1948. French Catholic polemic writer against materialism. Diary of a Country Priest 1937.

Bernard of Chartres. -c1130. French Neoplatonic Idealist philosopher. Real world of eternal ideas vs apparent world of material objects.

Bernhardt, Sarah. 1844-1923. French dramatic actress. Roles in Phèdre, La Tosca.

Bernoulli, Jacob. 1654-1705. Swiss mathematician. Probability. B Numbers.

Bernstein, Eduard. 1850-1932. German anti-militant Socialist. Founded Fabians.

Berry, Jean, duc de. 1340-1416. Regent of France for Charles VI. Policies caused Peasants Revolt 1381-4. Patron of arts. Limburg.

Bertha of the Big Foot. -783. Mother of Charlemagne.

Berthelot, Marcelin. 1827-1907. French organic chemist. Alcohol synthesis 1854. Organic Chemistry 1860.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

Bessel, F.W. 1784-1846. German astronomer. B Function 1817.

Bessemer, Henry. 1813-98. English inventor of economical steel making process, 1856.

Bethmann-Hollweg. 1856-1921. German Chancellor, 1909-17. Tried to mediate before WWI. Overthrown by Hindenburg and Ludendorf.

Betti, Ugo. 1892-1953. Italian dramatist. La Padrona 1927.

Bevin, Ernest. 1881-1951. British labour leader, statesman. TUC. Initiated Colombo Plan.

Bhascara. 1114-85. Hindu mathematician/astrologer. First user of decimal system.

Bhutan. Himalayan kingdom. 9C Tibet invaders settle. c1630 Independent. 17,18C Tibet invades. 1865 Part British 1907 Monarchy. 1910 British Protectorate. 1949 Indian Protectorate.

Bible. Hebrew and Christian sacred scriptures translated from Hebrew and Aramaic. 3C BC Greek translation. 1382 Wycliffe, Rogers, English. 1522-34 Luther, German. 1611 King James version. Vulgate by St. Jerome. Apocrypha.

Biedermeier. 1815-35. German bourgeois kitsch style of sentimental art and utilitarian furniture. Circular pedestal table.

Big Stick Policy. Roosevelt’s foreign policy. Power as a deterrent. Mahan.

Biron, Charles. 1562-1602. French marshal, beheaded for treason.

Bismarck, Otto von. 1815-98. Prince. Prussian Prime Minister 1862-90. Founded German Empire; First Chancellor 1871-90. Provoked Franco-Prussian War. Ems Dispatch. Schleswig.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Black Friday. Sept 24, 1869. Fisk corners gold. US market collapses.

Black Hawk War. 1832. US decimates Sauk/Fox tribes. Illinois, Iowa Indians flee west.

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