Napoleon III. 1808-73. President of French Republic 1848-52. Emperor by coup d’etat 1852-70. Defeated by Bismarck, exiled.

Napoleonic Code. 1804-. French laws standardized. Personal liberty, equality, justice, divorce, marriage, property rights. Still in use.

Narcissus. Greek youth, loved by Echo, loved his own image.

Naseby, Battle. 1645. English Civil War. Fairfax and Cromwell defeat Royalists.

Nash, John. 1752-1835. English architect: Regent St, London; Marble Arch; Brighton Pavillion; Buckingham Palace 1821-30.

Nashe, Thomas. 1567-1601. English anti-Puritan satirist, imprisoned on Isle of Dogs with Jonson.

Nassau. German family which controlled the Rhine from 12C. One branch was House of Orange.

Natal. Bantu. 1497 DaGama discovers. 19C Zulu. 1838 Boer. 1843 British. 1910 South Africa.

Nation, Carry. 1846-1911. US temperance crusader 1890-. Smashed saloons with hatchet.

National Assembly. 1789-91. French legislature of Third Estate. 1946-. Lower house of French parliament. Rights of Man. Legislative Assembly.

National Covenant. 1638. Oath to maintain Scottish Presbyterianism against Charles I episcopacy. 1638-90. Presbyterians persecuted in Scotland. 1643-67 Solemn League allied with Parliament in Civil War. 1647-supported Charles. 1661 illegal.

National Socialism. Nazism. 1919-45. German master-race nationalist Fascist movement. Anti- semitic. Individual surrenders to State will. Hitler. Drexler.

Native Land Acts. 1862, 65-92. New Zealand abolishes tribal land ownership, destroying traditional Maori society.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Nauru. 1798 Sighted. 1888 Germany (Marshall Is). 1914 Australia. 1920 Britain/Ausralia/New Zealand mandate. 1942 Japanese occupy. 1947 Australian trust. 1968 Independent republic.

Navarino, Battle. 1827. Greeks/Allies naval defeat of Egypt/Turks.

Nazi-Soviet Pact. German-Soviet Pact.

Ndebele. Formerly Matabele. Bantu-speaking people of SW Zimbabwe.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

Neapolitan. 17-18 C School of Music. Elegant, stylized opera, often weak in drama. Scarlatti.

Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

Negeri Sembilan. 14C Sumatrans settle. 1773 Confederation of 9 states. 1889 British protectorate. 1895 «Federation of Malay States...1948 Malayan Federation.

Neptune. Roman god of the Sea = Poseidon. Trident.

Nernst, Walther. 1864-1941. German scientist: Third law of thermodynamics. Physical chemistry.

Nero. 37-68. Cruel, licentious Roman Emperor 54-. Persecuted Christians. Killed mother, wife. Blamed for fire, 63. Golden House.

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