Marche. 10C Independent feudal state. 1631 Papal States. 1860 Italy.

Marchfeld, Battle. 1278. Rudolf I defeats Bohemians.

Marcion. 144. Founded heretical sect with 2 Gods: imperfect Old Testament God and Jesus’ merciful God.

Marconi, Guglielmo. 1874-1937. Italian physicist. First transatlantic radio reception 1901.

Marcos, Ferdinand. 1917-89. Autocratic Philippine president 1965-86.

Marcus Aurelius. 121-180. Roman Emperor 161-. Stoic philosopher. Meditations. Repelled invasions. Persecuted Christians.

Marcuse, Herbert. 1898-1979. German/US radical philosopher. Revolutionary change vs repressive society. One Dimensional Man 1964.

Marduk. Babylonian Lord of gods.

Marengo, Battle. 1800. Napoleon defeats Austria, gains Lombardy.

Mareth Line. 1943. Rommel’s defensive line in Tunisia.

Margaret. 1353-1412. Queen of Denmark, Norway, Sweden. Formed Kalmar Union 1397.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Margaret of Anjou. 1430-82. Q consort to Henry VI. Led Lancastrians in War of Roses.

Margaret of France. 1553-1615. Marriage to Henry IV anulled due to promiscuity. Mémoires.

Marggraf, Andreas. 1709-82. German. Sugar in beets, 1747.

María Cristina II. 1858-1929. Spanish queen consort. As regent, 1885-1902, lost Spanish American War.

Maria Luisa. 1751-1819. Spanish queen to Charles IV. With lover Godoy, ruined Spain’s finances.

Maria Theresa. 1717-80. Hapsburg Empress of Austria-Hungary 1740-. War of Austrian Succession.

Mariamne. 57-29BC. Herod Antipas’ wife. Executed for adultery on Salome’s accusation.

Marie Antoinette. 1755-93. Daughter of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Queen Consort to Louis XVI. Guillotined for seeking US aid vs French Revolution. -“Let them eat cake”.

Marie de Medici. 1573-1642. Queen consort to Henry IV, mother of Louis XIII. Regent 1610-14. Built Luxembourg Palace. Opposed Richelieu. Banished 1630. Died penniless.

Marie Louise. 1791-1847. Daughter of Francis II. Married Napoleon...Empress of France 1810-15.

Marie Thérèse. 1638-83. Queen Consort to Louis XIV. Daughter of Philip IV. Unpaid dowry caused War of Devolution.

Marignano, Battle. 1515. French defeat Swiss mercenaries, conquer Milan.

Marinetti, Fillippo. 1876-1944. Italian Fascist author. Founded Futurism 1909.

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