Machaut, Guillaume de. c1300-77. French composer of secular and church music in Ars Nova style.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1469-1527. Florentine amoral cynic, statesman, historian and writer. The Prince 1513. -“End justifies the means”. -“Appear virtuous, act to maintain power”.

Machu Picchu. c800 Inca city in Andes.

Mackenzie, Alexander. c1764-1820. Scottish/Canadian explorer. First transcontinental journey 1793.

Mackenzie, William Lyon. 1795-1861. Led failed revolt vs Family Compact in Upper Canada 1837.

MacLeish, Archibald. 1892-1982. US poet laureate of the New Deal. Happy Marriage 1924.

MacLennan, Hugh. 1907-90. Canadian writer of social + political conflict. Two Solitudes 1945. The Watch that Ends the Night 1959.

MacLeod, J.J.R. 1876-1935. Scotland. Discovered insulin with Banting, Best.

MacMahon, Patrice de. 1808-93. French Marshal. Crushed Commune. President 1873-79.

MacMillan, Harold. 1894-1986. British Conservative Prime Minister 1957-63.

Macquarie, Lachlan. 1761-1824. Scottish governor of New South Wales 1809-21. Public works; currency 1813; bank 1817.

Macready, William. 1793-1873. English actor. Rivalry with Forrest caused NY Opera House Riot, 1849.

Macrobius. c400. Latin philosopher. Saturnalia.

Mad Parliament. 1258. Barons give financial aid to Henry III in exchange for reform. Oxford Provisions.

Madagascar. 1500 Portugal discovers. 1642 French. 1814 British. 1885 French protectorate. 1896 French colony. 1958 Self-government as Malagasy. 1960 Independent. 1975 = Democratic Republic of Madagascar. 1993 Republic.

Madeira. 1418 Portugal discovers. 1580 Spanish. 1640 Portugal.

Maderno, Carlo. 1556-1629. Swiss architect. Founded Baroque style. St. Peter’s facade 1607.

Madison, James. 1751-1836. US President. 1809-17. “Father of US Constitution.”

Madog. Welsh king, legendary discoverer of America 1170.

Madras Mutiny. 1809. European officers vs British East India Co.

Madrid, Treaty. 1526. Charles V, Francis I truce in Italian Wars. 1670. Spain cedes Jamaica to Britain.

Maerlant, Jacob van. 1225-91. Flemish didactic poet. Spiegel Historiael 1282-91.

Maeterlinck, Maurice. 1862-1949. Belgian Symbolist poet/playwright. Pelléas et Mélisande 1892.

Mafia. Cosa Nostra. 13C-. Sicilian crime organization.

Magdeburg. 1631. German republic destroyed by Tilly in Thirty Years War.

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