Helvetia. Roman name for Switzerland.

Helvétius, Claude-Adrien. 1715-71. French Materialist philosopher. All actions based on self-interest. De l’ésprit 1758.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1898-1961. US novelist: Fairwell to Arms 1929. For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940. Old Man and the Sea 1952. Style:“A stream with stones of nouns and a surface of prepositional ripples” -L. Morrow.

Henry, Joseph. 1797-1878. US discoverer of electromagnetic induction. Electric motor, 1829.

Henry, O. 1862-1910. US short-story writer. Surprise endings and irony. Gift of the Magi. Porter.

Henry I. 1069-1135. King of England 1100-. Regained Normandy for England 1106. Defined yard 1101.

Henry II. 1133-1189. Plantagenet king of England 1154-. Common Law system. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine. Angevin Empire. Becket. Rosamund.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Henze, Hans. 1926-. German/Italian composer. Combines German intellectualism with Italian lyricism. We Come to the River 1976.

Heraclea. 280BC. “Pyrrhic” victory over Romans.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Herculano, Alexandre. 1810-77. Portuguese Romantic poet.

Hercules. Roman hero = Greek Heracles.

Hercules, Tower of. Roman lighthouse in Spain, still in use.

Herder, Johann von. 1744-1803. German Sturm and Drang Nationalist writer. Stimulated Romanticism.

Hermandad. 1250-1550. Castile-Aragon defensive alliance.

Hermaphroditus. Greek deity with male and female attributes.

Hermetic Texts. 1/3 C Egyptian astrology and magic books.

Herod. 73-4BC. King of Judaea 37BC-. Massacre of the Innocents.

Herodes Atticus. c101-177. Greek/Roman orator, banker. Gave major buildings to Athens.

Herodotus. c484-420BC. Greek historian and explorer. “Father of History”-Cicero.

Heron of Alexandria. 1C. Greek mathematician. Area of triangle. Metrica.

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