Eleanor of Aquitaine. Divorced from Louis VII 1152 after accompanying him on Second Crusade. Married Henry II of England, bringing Aquitaine under English crown...Angevin Empire. Mother of Richard I. Led 1173 revolt vs husband, Henry II.

Épinay, Louise d’. 1726-83. French Enlightenment patroness.

Fersen, Hans. 1755-1810. Swedish. Failed attempt to save Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

Festival of the Supreme Being. 8 June 1794. Declared by Robespierre and designed by David.

Fouché, Joseph. 1758-1820. French Revolutionary. Minister of Police 1779~1815. Secret police. Intrigued vs Robespierre 1794, Napoleon 1799,1807; Louis XVIII 1814.

Fouquet, Nicolas. 1615-80. Finance Minister to Louis XIV. Imprisoned for embezzlement after a 3 year trial at The Arsenal 1661-4.

Frederick the Fair. 1286-1330. Fought Louis IV unsuccessfully for German crown 1314-22.

Fréron, Louis. 1754-1802. French Revolutionary. Conspired vs Robespierre.

Gálvez, Bernardo de. c1746-86. Spanish Governor of Louisiana 1777-83. Viceroy of New Spain 1785-.

Gay-Lussac, Louis. 1778-1850. French chemist. Laws of combining gases, 1804. Meteorology.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

Hennepin, Louis. 1626-1701. Missionary explorer of Great Lakes. First European to Niagara Falls.

Iberville, Pierre d’. 1661-1706. French-Canadian explorer to Louisiana.

Ile St-Louis, Paris.1627-64. Classical style buildings.

Industrial Revolution. 1730-. Transformation from agricultural to urbanized manufacturing economy as a result of steam power. 1830 England, France. 1850 Germany. 1860 USA. Blanqui. Toynbee.

Invalides. 1670-7. Louis XIV built to house 4,000 invalid soldiers. Architect: Bruant, dome by Mansart. Tomb of Napoleon.

Jansenism. 1640-1730. Sought return to severity of Augustine. Opposed Jesuits. Gallicanism. Arnauld. Suppressed by Louis XIV. Pascal. Quesnel.

Jefferson, Thomas. 1743-1826. US President 1801-9. Drafted Declaration of Independence. Louisiana Purchase.

Joinville, Jean de. 1224-1317. French chronicler, advised St Louis. Histoire 1309.

July Monarchy. Rule of Louis-Philippe.

July Revolution. 1830. France. Thiers. Charles X abdicates and flees to England. Louis-Philippe ascends. Caused by July Ordinances.

Kansas. Kansa, Osage, Pawnee, Wichita. 1541 Coronado explores. 1803 US acquires in Louisiana Purchase. 1861 34th state.

Lagrange, Louis. 1736-1813. French mathematician. Analysis of mechanical systems. Celestial mechanics.

La Salle, Robert. 1643-87. French explorer of Louisiana, Mississippi 1682.

Leakey, Louis. 1903-72. British anthropological archeologist. With wife Mary, discovered homo habilis and other ancient humanoid fossils.

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