Populism. 1870-1902. Russian socialist revolutionaries. Narodniki.

Populist Movement. 1890s. US agrarian reform coalition.

Pratt, E.J. 1883-1964. Canadian Nationalist poet. Brébeuf and his Brethren 1940.

Pride’s Purge. 1648. Removal of 143 Presbyterian royalists from Parliament. Rump Parliament.

Protectionism. Levying of import duties to make domestic production more competitive. 1337 England. 1870s Germany creates Depression. 1930 US deepens Depression. List. Smoot-Hawley.

Proudhon, Pierre. 1809-65. French Anarchist Socialist: “Property is theft.”-What is Property? 1840. “Government is the Scourge of God”. Systèmes des Contradictions Économiques 1846.

Proust, Marcel. 1871-1922. French novelist: Remembrance of Things Past 1914.

Puccini, Giacomo. 1858-1924. Popular Italian naturalist opera composer: La Boheme 1896. Tosca 1900. Madame Butterfly 1904.

Qaddafi, Muammar. 1942-. Radical nationalist Libyan dictator 1969- after deposing Idris I. Nationalized oil industry 1973. Middle East terrorist supporter.

Quadruple Alliance. 1718. Austria, France, Britain, Dutch Republic. Defeated Spain’s attack on Sicily. 1813,15. Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia. Enforced Treaty of Paris. 1834 France, Britain, Portugal, Spain. Supported Isabella II vs Carlist claims.

Quintilian. c35-96. Roman educationalist. Institutio Oratoria 95. Modern ideas of education.

Radcliffe, Ann. 1764-1823. English Gothic novelist. Mysteries of Udolpho 1794.

Ramuz, Charles. 1878-1947. Swiss novelist: Terror on the Mountain 1925. Beauty on Earth 1927. Soldier’s Tale.

Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Rathenau. Walter. 1867-1922. German industrialist, statesman. Organized economy for WWI. Assassinated.

Redi, Francesco. 1626-97. Italian naturalist. Maggots from fly eggs, not spontaneous generation, 1668.

Rhodes, Cecil. 1853-1902. English colonialist in South Africa. Endowed Oxford scholarship to preserve Empire.

Richardson, Dorothy. 1873-1957. English stream of consciousness novelist. Pilgrimage 1915-38.

Richardson, Samuel. 1689-1761. English novelist using personal letters. Influenced novel form: Pamela 1740 Clarissa 1747 (at 1M words, the longest English novel).

Richler, Mordecai. 1931-2001. Canadian novelist of human dilemmas. Duddy Kravitz 1959.

Rimbaud, Arthur. 1854-91. French Symbolist poet: Illuminations. Anticipated Freud’s ideas.

Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolai. 1844-1908. Russian Nationalist composer/orchestrator: Scheherezade 1888. Operas.

Rockwell, Norman. 1894-1978. US realistic painter of homey scenes. Saturday Evening Post covers.

Root, Elihu. 1845-1937. US internationalist statesman. Agreements with Japan, Britain, Latin America. Disarmament Conference.

Roscelin. c1050-1125. First Nominalist 1089.

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