List, Friedrich. 1789-1846. German economist. Advocated protectionism. National System of Political Economy 1846.

Lister, Joseph. 1827-1912. English surgeon. Introduced carbolic acid for antiseptic surgery, 1865.

Llull, Raimon. 1235-1316. Catalan Neoplatonic Idealist mystic poet, alchemist. Tried to convert Moslems. Felix 1288.

Lo-Johansson, Ivar. 1901-90. Swedish novelist of social causes. Goodnight, Earth 1933.

Louis XVIII. 1755-1824. Bourbon. Restored to French throne by Allies 1814-. Advisory Parliament. Ultraloyalists.

Loyalists. United Empire Loyalists.

Lytton, Bulwer-. 1803-73. English novelist: Last Days of Pompeii 1834. “It was a dark and stormy night”.

Maeterlinck, Maurice. 1862-1949. Belgian Symbolist poet/playwright. Pelléas et Mélisande 1892.

Magritte, René. 1898-1967. Belgian Surrealist painter. Ceci n’est pas un pipe 1948. Castle of the Pyrenees 1962.

Mahler, Gustav. 1860-1911. Austrian classical Romantic symphony composer. Bridged gap between Romantics and atonalists. Resurrection Symphony 1894.

Maistre, Joseph de. 1753-1821. French moralist for Christianity, Absolutism vs progress. Spanish Inquisition 1837.

Malignar Agreements. 1936-7. Socialist reforms in France.

Mallarmé, Stéphane. 1842-98. French poet, initiated Symbolism. Après-Midi d’un faune 1865.

Malraux, André. 1901-76. French novelist. La Condition Humaine 1933. Museum Without Walls 1967.

Manichaeism. 240-6C. Dualist ascetic Persian religion founded by Mani (-274) combining Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity. Man’s spirit is good, body is evil. Albigens, Cathars, Paulician.

Mann, Thomas. 1875-1955. German/US novelist. Opposed Nazism. Buddenbrooks 1900. Magic Mountain 1927. Death in Venice 1929. Dr Faustus.

Markiewicz, Countess. 1876-1927. Irish Nationalist. First woman elected to British Parliament, 1918.

Marx, Karl. 1818-83. German socialist philosopher: Communist Manifesto 1848. Das Kapital 1867. Dialectical Materialism. Marxism.

Matsushita, Konosuke. 1894-1989. Japanese industrialist; began 5-day workweek, guaranteed lifetime employment.

Matteotti Crisis. 1924. Italian Fascists kill Socialist, Matteotti for denouncing them. Aventine Secession.

Maurice, Friedrich. 1805-72. English theologian. Christian Socialist founder.

Mboya, Tom. 1930-69. Kenyan Nationalist leader. Assassinated.

McPherson, Aimee Semple.1890-1944. Controversial Canadian/US Pentacostal evangelist.

Melville, Herman. 1819-91. US novelist. Moby Dick 1851.

Mennonites. 1536. Christian pacifist congregationalist sect based on Anabaptists but teaching conservatism.

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