Eisner, Kurt. 1867-1919. German Socialist Revolutionary leader. First Bavarian Prime Minister.

Eliot, George. (Mary Ann Evans). 1819-90. English psychological novelist: Adam Bede 1859; Silas Marner 1861. Translated Strauss.

Éluard, Paul. 1895-1952. French surrealist poet.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1803-82. US essayist/ poet. Transcendentalist. Woodnotes 1846, Brahma 1867, English Traits 1856, Self-Reliance.

Émigrés. Royalist sympathizers who fled France during Revolution.

Emmet, Robert. 1778-1803. Leader of failed Irish nationalist uprising. Executed.

Engels, Friedrich. 1820-95. German socialist philosopher. Communist Manifesto 1848. Marx. Coined “Industrial Revolution” 1845. Finished Das Kapital 1894.

Escher, M.C. 1898-1971. Dutch graphic artist. Optical illusion, surrealistic effects.

Eyck, Jan van. c1389-1441. Flemish realist painter. Ghent altarpiece 1432. Developed use of oils.

Fabian Society. 1883. English non-revolutionary socialist movement. Founded Labour Party. Shaw.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

Faulkner, William. 1897-1962. American novelist of US south. The Sound and the Fury 1929.

Federalist Party. 1787-1825. US first party founded by A. Hamilton for strong central government. In power 1791-1801.

Fellini, Federico. 1920-95. Italian symbolist filmmaker. La Dolce Vita 1960.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Fichte, Johann. 1762-1814. German Nationalist Idealist philosopher. Influenced Totalitarianism. Addresses to the German Nation 1807-8.

Fielding, Henry. 1707-54. English picaresque novelist: Tom Jones 1749; Amelia 1751.

Fifth Monarchy Men. 1645- English Puritan Millenialist anarchists. Venner led rebellions 1657,61.

Flaubert, Gustave. 1821-1880. French Realist novelist. Madame Bovary 1851. Novembre 1842. Acquitted of corrupting public morals, 1857.

Ford, Henry. 1863-1947. US industrialist. Application of assembly line created affordable car. Model T 1908. Rivas.

Forester, C.S. 1899-1966. English historical novelist. Captain Hornblower 1937-53.

Forster, E. M. 1879-1970. English humanist novelist. Room With a View 1908. Passage to India 1924.

Fourier, Charles. 1772-1837. French socialist philosopher. His utopia was attempted in US, Brook Farm, a voluntary cooperative.

Free Enterprise. Capitalist economic doctrine of a market free from government control.

Fuchs, Leonhard. 1501-66. German naturalist. Compendium of medicinal plants. Historia Stirpium 1542.

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