Restitution, Edict. 1629. HRE restores lands to Roman Catholic Church taken by Protestants since 1552.

Richthofen, Manfred von. 1892-1918. WWI German air ace. Downed 80 Allied planes.

Ridolfi, Roberto. 1531-1612. Italian Catholic plotter vs Elizabeth I 1571. Norfolk.

Rodin, Auguste. 1840-1917. French sculptor: Thinker 1879-89. Balzac. Beethoven. Kiss 1886. Burghers of Calais 1884-6. Gates of Hell.

Roman Catholic Church. 30-. Branch of Christianity recognizing Pope as successor to St Peter. East-West Schism. Eastern Orthodoxy. Protestantism.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Ruthenian Church. 1594- = Uniate Catholic. Slavonic Roman Catholic. 1940 Allegiance changed to Russian Orthodox.

Rymer, Thomas. 1641-1713. English Neoclassical literary critic: attacked Shakespeare.

Saint, Thomas. British sewing machine inventor, 1790. Singer.

Schema de Parvo. 1870. Roman Catholic catechism.

Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr. 1917-. US historian. A Thousand Days 1965.

Schoenberg, Arnold. 1874-1951. Austrian/US pioneer of atonal twelve-note method-key to recent musical advances. Five Piano Pieces 1923.

Scholasticism. 11-14C. Christian movement to reconcile faith, reason. Anselm. Thomas Aquinas. Duns Scotus.

Scriblerus Club. 18C English literary club. Satirized contemporary writing. Swift. Pope.

Scrofula.(King’s evil). Tuberculosis. Once thought cured by king’s touch.

Seebeck, Thomas. 1770-1831. Russian. Invented thermocouple, 1822.

Senefelder, Alois. 1772-1834. Bavarian lithography inventor 1796.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Pyramids 4700-2160BC. Mausolus Tomb 353BC. Artemis Temple at Ephesus c550BC. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 600BC. Colossus of Rhodes 280BC. Zeus Statue at Olympia 450BC. Lighthouse at Alexandria c282BC.

Sévigné, Marie de. 1626-96. Author of Letters 1671 to her daughter depicting 17C France.

Seymour, Thomas. c1508-49. Brother of Jane. Married Catherine Parr. Executed for treason.

Shelley, Percy Bysshe. 1792-1822. English lyric poet. Advocated freedom of thought. Prometheus Unbound 1820.

Sheraton, Thomas. 1751-1806. English Regency furniture designer.

Shimabara Rebellion. 1637-8. Japanese Catholics vs taxes.

Singapore. 13-14C Malay city. 1377 Javanese destroy. 1819 Raffles refounds. 1867 «Straits Settlements. 1942-45 Japanese occupy. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Federation of Malaysia. 1965 Independent republic.

98 more results ...