Farmers-General. 17C French financiers who bought right to collect taxes for a fixed fee.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Farouk I. 1920-65. Egyptian king 1936-52. Vs Wafd. Coup by Nasser-led Free Officers.

Fashoda Incident. 1898. British/French dispute over Sudan. French renounce claims. Entente Cordiale 1904.

Fatima. c606-33. Daughter of Mohammad. Matriarch of Fatimids. Wife of Ali, Shi’ite leader.

Fatimid. 909-1171. N African, Middle East Shi’ite Empire.

Fauvism. 1898-1908. Violently colored and distorted painting expressing strong emotion. Matisse. Roualt. Puy.

Favre, Jules. 1809-80. French statesman. Opposed Napoleon III.

February Manifesto. 1899-1905. Override of Finnish Constitution. Rule by Czar’s Edict. Russification 1890-1905.

Federalist Party. 1787-1825. US first party founded by A. Hamilton for strong central government. In power 1791-1801.

Félibrige. 1854. Mistral’s Provençale revival movement.

Felletin. French tapestry works 15C-. Coarser weave in rustic motifs. Aubusson.

Fellow Travellers. 1917. Russian writers not actively supporting the revolution. Communist sympathizers who are not party members.

Fénelon, François. 1651-1715. French theologian. Quietism 1696. Telemachus 1698.

Ferdinand. 1865-1927. Romanian king 1914-. Doubled size by treaties.

Ferdinand I. c1016-1065. King of Castile and Leon. Began expulsion of Moors.

Ferdinand II of Aragon. 1452-1516. Unified Spain with Isabella. Equipped Columbus. Expelled Moors and Jews. Began Inquisition.

Ferdinand III. 1199-1252. King of Castile and Leon. Pushed Moors from most of Spain.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Fermat, Pierre de. 1601-65. French mathematician/jurist. Modern Number Theory. Last Theorem 1631: There does not exist xⁿ+yⁿ=zⁿ for n>2; x,y,z ε N. Proved by Wiles 1995.

Fermi, Enrico. 1901-54. Italian/US atomic physicist. Transuranic elements.

Ferrara-Florence, Council of. 1438-45. Failed attempt to re-unite Latin and Greek churches.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Fersen, Hans. 1755-1810. Swedish. Failed attempt to save Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

Fertile Crescent. 8000BC- ME region from Nile to Euphrates. Birthplace of civilization.

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