Ridley, Nicholas. c1500-55. English Protestant bishop. Supported Lady Jane Grey. Executed.

Robbins, Frederick. 1916-. US physician. Discovered polio virus with Enders, Weller.

Rococo. Art and Architecture 1720-70. Last stage of Baroque. Shell shaped motif in ornamentation. Dainty, graceful, ornate, smiling. Watteau. Boucher. Fragonard.

Roderick. -711. Last Visigoth king of Spain. Defeated by Saracens, killed.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

Rømer, Olaus. 1644-1710. Danish astronomer. Proved finite speed of light 1676.

Romulus Augustulus. Last Roman Emperor of the West 475-6.

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Root, Elihu. 1845-1937. US internationalist statesman. Agreements with Japan, Britain, Latin America. Disarmament Conference.

Ross, Ronald. 1857-1932. British discoverer of malaria parasite.

Roualt, Georges. 1871-1958. French Expressionist painter. Bold, vivid, flat colors like stained glass. The Old King 1937.

Ruska, Ernst. 1906-88. German engineer. Electron microscope.

Russell, Bertrand. 1872-1970. English mathematician, liberal philosopher, logician, pacifist. Believed in human reason. Founded CND. Principles of Mathematics 1910-13. History of Western Philosophy 1945.

Rutherford, Ernest. 1871-1937. NZ/English physicist. Beta rays 1899, Nuclear theory of atom1911.

Rymer, Thomas. 1641-1713. English Neoclassical literary critic: attacked Shakespeare.

Sachs, Nelly. 1891-1970. German poet, Jewish spokesperson.

Sadat, Anwar al-. 1918-81. Egyptian president 1970- Aided Nasser’s 1952 coup. 1977 Addressed Israeli Knesset. Peace with Israel 1979. Camp David. Assassinated.

Sadducees. -70. Jewish priest class vs Pharisees. Followed Torah and not oral law.

Sa’di. c1213-1292. Classical Persian lyric poet. The Orchard 1257.

Sakharov, Andrei. 1921-89. Soviet physicist, human rights activist. Hydrogen bomb. Formed Committee for Human Rights 1970.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1905-80. French existentialist philosopher: L’Etre et le Néant 1943. Social responsibility of freedom. (refused).

Sassanids. 224-. Last Persian dynasty before Moslem conquest 637-51.

Satie, Erik. 1866-1925. Modern French Impressionist, Neoclassical composer.

Sato Eisaku. 1901-75. Japanese Prime Minister 1964-72. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Sauvage, Nicolas. French. Invented cabriolet taxi 1660.

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