Lorenz, Konrad. 1903-89. Austrian zoologist. Father of ethology. Man Meets Dog 1954.

Louis. The Child. 893-911. Last Carolingian German King, 899-.

Louis I. 778-840. Charlemagne’s son. Last Emperor of unified Carolingian Empire 814~. Twice deposed and restored.

Louis IX. St. Louis. 1214-70. French King 1226-70. Last 2 crusades. Captured on 7th Crusade. Built Ste-Chapelle, 1243, in thanks for release.

Louis V. Do Nothing. 967-87. Last Carolingian king of France. 979-87.

Louis XIV Style. 1638-1715. Rich decoration as at Versailles. Poussin. Le Nôtre.

Louisiana. 1643 French LaSalle claims. 1719 Mississippi Company. 1762 England cedes to Spain. 1801 France (San Ildefonso Treaty). 1803 US purchase. 1812 18th State.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Lukács, György. 1885-1971. Hungarian Marxist writer: History of Class Conscioussness 1923.

Lutuli, Albert. 1898-1967. African Zulu chief. Pacifist ANC President 1952-. Let My People Go 1962.

Lytton, Bulwer-. 1803-73. English novelist: Last Days of Pompeii 1834. “It was a dark and stormy night”.

MacArthur, Douglas. 1880-1964. US Pacific Allied commander, WWII. Commanded Japanese occupation. Led UN forces in Korean War.

MacBride, Seán. 1904-88. Irish statesman. Founded Republican Party 1946. Foreign minister 1948-1951. Founder, chairman 1961-75 Amnesty International. Assistant UN Secretary General.

MacLeod, J.J.R. 1876-1935. Scotland. Discovered insulin with Banting, Best.

Maeterlinck, Maurice. 1862-1949. Belgian Symbolist poet/playwright. Pelléas et Mélisande 1892.

Mahler, Gustav. 1860-1911. Austrian classical Romantic symphony composer. Bridged gap between Romantics and atonalists. Resurrection Symphony 1894.

Malayan Emergency. 1948-60. Britain and allies defeat communist guerillas.

Malherbe, François de. 1555-1628. French poet. Foreshadowed classicism. Odes 1601.

Mandela, Nelson. 1918-. South African anti-Apartheid ANC leader. Jailed 1962-90. President 94-99.

Mann, Thomas. 1875-1955. German/US novelist. Opposed Nazism. Buddenbrooks 1900. Magic Mountain 1927. Death in Venice 1929. Dr Faustus.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Maquis. French guerillas vs German occupation, WWII. Resistance.

Marconi, Guglielmo. 1874-1937. Italian physicist. First transatlantic radio reception 1901.

Marshall, George. 1880-1959. US general. Marshall Plan.

Masada. 66-73. Last Zealot stronghold vs Rome. 2 Year siege.

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