Falange. 1933-37. Spanish Fascist party founded by Primo de Rivera. Merged with Franco 1937. Won civil war.

Falkland Is. 1592 Davis discovers. 1764 British settle. 1774-1811 Spanish. 1829 Argentina claims (Malvinas). 1833 British.

Falklands, Battle. 1914. British destroy German fleet.

Falklands War. 1982. Britain defeats Argentine invasion. Falklands remain British.

Fall, Albert. 1861-1944. US senator convicted in Teapot Dome scandal.

Falla, Manuel de. 1876-1946. Spanish composer influenced by folk music, Debussy. Nights in the Garden of Spain 1916.

Falloux, Frédéric. 1811-56. French politician. Sponsored Law on Education: Loi Falloux.

Family Pact. 1863. Maximilian renounces claims to Austrian throne to be Emperor of Mexico.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

Fashoda Incident. 1898. British/French dispute over Sudan. French renounce claims. Entente Cordiale 1904.

Faulkner, William. 1897-1962. American novelist of US south. The Sound and the Fury 1929.

Faunus. Roman woodland deity. = Pan.

Fellini, Federico. 1920-95. Italian symbolist filmmaker. La Dolce Vita 1960.

Ferdinand II of Aragon. 1452-1516. Unified Spain with Isabella. Equipped Columbus. Expelled Moors and Jews. Began Inquisition.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Fermat, Pierre de. 1601-65. French mathematician/jurist. Modern Number Theory. Last Theorem 1631: There does not exist xⁿ+yⁿ=zⁿ for n>2; x,y,z ε N. Proved by Wiles 1995.

Fermi, Enrico. 1901-54. Italian/US atomic physicist. Transuranic elements.

Ferrara-Florence, Council of. 1438-45. Failed attempt to re-unite Latin and Greek churches.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Fertile Crescent. 8000BC- ME region from Nile to Euphrates. Birthplace of civilization.

Festival of the Supreme Being. 8 June 1794. Declared by Robespierre and designed by David.

Feudalism. 8-14C. Social system. Lord grants land rights (fiefs) to vassals in return for military or other service. Manorialism. Seignorialism.

Feuillants. 1577- Cistercian order.

Feuillants Club. 1791. French moderate monarchists.

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