Cotte, Robert de. 1656-1735. Architect. Chancel of Notre-Dame, Esplanade, Versailles.

Coverdale, Miles. 1488-1569. English religious reformer, psalm + bible translator.

Coward, Noel. 1899-1973. English playwright. Comedies of manners. Private Lives 1930.

Craig, James. 1871-1940. First Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1921-.

Crassus, Marcus. c115-53BC. First Roman triumvirate member. Suppressed Spartacus’ slave revolt.

Creek War. 1813-14. Creek Indians defeated by Jackson, give up lands to US.

Crichton, James “The Admirable”. 1560-82. Scottish adventurer/scholar.

Crick, Francis. 1916-. British discoverer of DNA structure with Watson 1953.

Cricket. 1598 derived from Club ball. 1877 First Test Match Australia/England.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Croatia. Balkans. 812 Croatia. 1089 +Hungary. 1527 Ottoman/Hapsburg. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1920 +Dalmatia. 1941 Independent. 1945 Yugoslavia. 1992 Independent Republic.

Crockett, Davy. 1786-1836. US frontiersman. Killed at Alamo.

Croesus. -546BC. Last King of Lydia 560-.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

Cromwell, Richard. 1626-1712. Lord Protector of England. 1658-9. Son of Oliver.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Crystal Palace. 1851. Built for the Great Exhibition, London. First iron-framed. Burned, 1936. Paxton.

Cuba. Ciboney, Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 1511 Spanish colony. 1517 Slaves brought. 1898 US. Spanish-American War. 1902 Republic. 1957-9 Castro Revolution, Communist dictatorship.

Cuban Missile Crisis. 1962. Kennedy blockades Cuba to prevent Soviet missile installation.

Cubism, Synthetic. 1913. Braque and Picasso create a collage form of painting.

Cuchulain. Legendary powerful Irish warrior.

Culpeper’s Rebellion. 1677-79. Carolina colonists vs England. Establish their own government.

Cumberland, Richard. 1631-1718. Philosopher, “father” of English Utilitarianism.

Cunard, Samuel. 1787-1865. Canadian. First regular steamship line.

Cuneiform. 3000-1C BC. Sumerian writing form in clay with triangular pointed stick. Spread widely.

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