Upanishads. 1000-600BC. Elaboration of Vedas dealing with nature of reality.

Upper Canada. 1791-1841. 1841 «Province of Canada. 1867 =Ontario.

Urdu. Official language of Pakistan.

Urey, Harold. 1893-1981. US physicist. Isolated deuterium 1931. Heavy water needed for atomic bomb.

Ursula, St. 4C. Martyred by Huns with 11,000 virgins.

Ursulines. 1535. Roman Catholic order founded by Angela Merci for the education of women.

Uruguay. 1516 Díaz discovers. 1683 Portugal. 1777 Spain(La Plata). 1820 Brazil. 1828 Independent.

US Virgin Is. Carib, Arawak. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1666 Denmark. 1673- Slaves brought. 1917 US purchase for $25M.

Ussher, James. 1581-1656. Irish theologian. Calculated the Creation as 4004BC according to Bible.

Ustaše. 1929-45 Secret Croatian terrorist group seeking independence from Yugoslavia.

Usury. Maximum interest rates: Rome 50BC: 12%, 529: 8%. Islam 622: 0%. Christian 1311: 0%. England: 1623 8%, 1651 6%, 1713 5%, 1854 eliminated. USA, by State: 5-45%

Uthman, ibn ’Affan. -656. Third Moslem caliph. Declared official version of Koran. Assassinated.

Utopia. Imaginary ideal state. More. Bacon. Plato.

Utrecht, Treaties. 1713-14. Ended War of Spanish Succession. Austria gains Netherlands. France cedes Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay, Nova Scotia to England. Spain cedes Gibraltar, Minorca to England.

Utrecht, Union of. 1579. United Provinces alliance created vs Spanish rule in Netherlands.

U-2 Incident. 1960. US spy plane shot down over USSR. Summit cancelled. Pilot Powers traded for Russian spy Abel 1962.

Vagrancy Acts. England. 1459 Authorized imprisonment. 1530 whipping. 1535 mutilation. 1597 included entertainers. 1713 branding prohibited.

Valentine, St. c270. 2 Christians martyred by Claudius II. Modern celebration derives from Roman Lupercalia fertility festival.

Valéry, Paul. 1871-1945. French poet. La Jeune Parque 1917.

Valhalla. Scandinavian banquet hall for slain warriors. Odin.

Valla, Lorenzo. 1407-57. Italian Humanist scholar. Exposed Donation of Constantine, 1440.

Valley Forge. 1777-8. Training camp of Washington’s Continental Army.

Valmy. Last French navy sailing ship.

Van Goyen, Jan. 1596-1656. Dutch landcape painter of familiar, commonplace.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen. 1764-1839. US politician. Key to Erie Canal.

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